PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Dutta

Publications and source records attributed to D Dutta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Influence of admission weight on neonatal mortality amongst hospitalised neonates in Calcutta.

The study was conducted on 785 neonates aged up to 28 days to evaluate the influence of admission weight on mortality. It was observed that there were 200 (25.5%) cases of septicaemia, 134(17.1%) of diarrhoea, 120(15.3%) each of prematurity related conditions and neonatal jaundice, 117(14.9%) of respiratory diseases and 94 (11.9%) cases of convulsion. There were total 182(23.18%) deaths comprising 70(38.5%) from prematurity related conditions, 40(22%) from diarrhoea, 35(19.2%) from respiratory diseases, 26(14.3%) from septicaemia, 8(4.4%) from neonatal jaundice and 3(1.6%) deaths from convulsion. The incidence of deaths among neonates weighing less than 2500 g on admission was 59.2% in diarrhoeal diseases, 53.4% in respiratory diseases and 44.6% in other conditions compared to those of 10%, 8.2% and 7.1% respectively in neonates having admission weight more than 2500 g. The findings are statistically significant. The results of the study indicate that low admission weight should be considered as a predictor of mortality among neonates.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1992

Occurrence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi in Calcutta.

Blood and faecal samples were collected from 122 hospitalised patients of Calcútta clinically suspected to have enteric fever, for isolation of S. typhi. It was isolated from 34.4, 4.9 and 4.1 per cent patients by blood culture, stool culture and by both respectively. The in vitro drug susceptibility testing showed that all the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, but were uniformly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and furazolidone. In view of the appearance of multi-drug resistant S. typhi in Calcutta, great care should be exercised in the use of newer quinolone derivatives.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of norfloxacin for shigellosis: a double-blind randomised clinical trial.

In a double-blind, randomised, clinical trial on 122 adults with acute Shigella dysentery, 60 patients were treated with norfloxacin and 62 with nalidixic acid. Of these, 32 patients in the norfloxacin group and 28 patients in the nalidixic acid group had Shigella in their stool. Patients of the two treatment groups were clinically comparable on admission. No significant differences in clinical responses were observed in the two groups among the Shigella-positive cases, Shigella-negative cases and among the total cases. All isolates of Shigella were susceptible to norfloxacin, whereas 13.8% of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Nosocomial rotavirus diarrhea in two medical wards of a pediatric hospital in Calcutta.

One hundred eighty nine children suffering from different medical problems were admitted in two wards of a pediatric hospital in Calcutta during the period between November 18, 1985 and February 10, 1986. Amongst them, 36 children developed nosocomial diarrhea and rotavirus was detected from 80.5% of the cases. The nosocomial rotavirus diarrhea cases had lesser frequency of stools and only mild dehydration but the course of illness was longer in comparison to that of the hospitalized rotavirus diarrhea cases. There is a possibility of spread of infection via fomites, environmental surfaces and most likely mothers.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Facial dyskinesia: a 16-year follow-up study.

The 109 female survivors of a mental hospital population surveyed in 1965 for facial dyskinesia were followed up 16 years later. The 99 survivors with non-organic brain syndromes were analysed. Prevalence of dyskinesia had risen from 18.4% to 46.5% during follow-up and its development was significantly associated with neuroleptic dosage. Enlarged ventricles on brain scans were significantly associated with dyskinesia, cognitive impairment and neuroleptic prescribing.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1991

Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin in hospitalized children with acute diarrhea.

A total of 498 children, aged 0-14 years, admitted at the B.C. Roy Memorial Hospital for Children, Calcutta, were investigated for the occurrence of Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin. Of the children in the investigation, 369 suffered from acute diarrhea. Only 8.4% of these children had C. difficile in fecal samples and in vitro cytotoxin was demonstrated in 7%. In 27 (7.3%) of the patients with acute diarrhea C. difficile was isolated as the only pathogen. In contrast, among 129 control children not suffering from acute diarrhea, only 4 (3.1%) harboured C. difficile. Isolation of C. difficile was significantly higher in children under one year of age. None of these patients had any history of prior antibiotic therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Oral rehydration solution containing 90 millimol sodium is safe and useful in treating diarrhoea in severely malnourished children.

The safety and efficacy of standard oral glucose-electrolyte solution, containing 90 mmol of sodium per litre, was evaluated in the treatment of dehydrating diarrhoea among severely malnourished (marasmic) children. A total of 81 male children aged between 6 and 48 months were studied; 41 were in the malnourished group (study group: less than 60% of Harvard Standard weight-for-age) and 40 were in the well-nourished group (control group: 80% or more Harvard Standard weight-for-age). Children of both groups could be rehydrated with standard oral rehydration solution (ORS) without encountering any clinical or biochemical complications. The results of this study lend support to the World Health Organization's concept of a unified formula of ORS for the treatment of all cases of acute diarrhoea, including severely malnourished children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Blood group and shigellosis.

A study on the distribution of ABO blood groups was carried out on 85 patients with clinically and bacteriologically proven shigellosis. A significant association (P less than 0.01) of blood group B was observed with shigellosis cases in comparison to controls from whom no Shigella species or other enteropathogen could be isolated. Patients with isoagglutinin B or those who possess blood group B antigen may be at a relatively increased risk of shigellosis.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1990

Double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of norfloxacin for cholera.

In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial with 78 adults with acute watery diarrhea and severe dehydration, 37 subjects were positive for Vibrio cholerae. In conjunction with rehydration therapy, 13 patients received norfloxacin, 12 received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and 12 received a placebo. Norfloxacin was superior to TMP-SMX and to the placebo in reducing stool output, duration of diarrhea, fluid requirements, and vibrio excretion. TMP-SMX was no better than the placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clinical & bacteriological profiles of shigellosis in Calcutta before & after an epidemic (1984-87).

Patients below 5 yr of age, hospitalised for shigellosis over a period of four years (1984-87), were studied. During the epidemic of bacillary dysentery (1984) isolation of different Shigella spp. as well as Shigella dysenteriae type 1 was high. Decreased isolation of Sh. dysenteriae type 1 and increased isolation of Sh. flexneri was observed during post-epidemic years (1985-87). Isolation of different Shigella spp. was always above 25 per cent from patients with dysentery and greater than 7 per cent from those with watery diarrhoea during the post-epidemic years. Higher incidence of shigellosis was observed amongst older children (greater than 3 yr). Most of the shigellosis patients complained of blood and mucus in stools. Vomiting was common among shigellosis patients presenting with watery diarrhoea whereas fever was commonly seen in patients with both dysentery and watery diarrhoea. Most patients of shigellosis presenting with blood and mucus in stools had no dehydration.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy & safety of glycine fortified oral rehydration solution in the treatment of acute dehydrating diarrhoea in children.

Efficacy and safety of glycine fortified oral rehydration solution (ORS) was compared with a standard ORS (WHO formula) in a randomized clinical trial in children aged between 4 months and 5 yr with moderate degree of dehydration owing to acute watery diarrhoea. No significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were observed in diarrhoeal stool output, duration of diarrhoea and intake of ORS between the study and control groups respectively. Thus glycine fortified ORS does not have any additional advantage over standard ORS. Moreover, two children developed hypernatraemia after receiving glycine fortified ORS in contrast to the control group. It is therefore suggested that glycine supplemented ORS should not be prescribed for the treatment of diarrhoeal dehydration in children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Pathways of urinary backflow in obstructive uropathy. Demonstration by pigmented gelatin injection and Tamm-Horsfall uromucoprotein markers.

The exact pathways of urinary reflux into the renal veins were studied in four cases of clinical obstructive uropathy and in 50 normal human cadaver kidneys. In the four clinical cases Tamm-Horsfall uromucoprotein was used as a marker for location of urine. Routine light microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence for Tamm-Horsfall uromucoprotein using rabbit antiserum showed tubular backflow up to the glomerulus. Dilated tubules filled with Tamm-Horsfall uromucoprotein ruptured into thin walled veins, forming tubulovenous anastomoses with extrusion of their contents into veins. The uromucoprotein was present in interlobar and arcuate veins with superimposed thrombosis and thrombophlebitis. Injection studies using pigmented gelatin in 45 normal cadaver kidneys and pigmented vinylite with corrosion casts in five additional kidneys complemented the clinical studies. Two types of urovascular communication were produced: the less frequent direct pyelovenous communication between a rupturing fornix and an adjacent small vein, and the more common indirect pyelovenous communication in which a ruptured fornix produced a sinus extravasate, which extended along the perivenous spaces of interlobar and arcuate veins. This extravasate gained access into the veins at points of rupture where venous tributaries joined the major veins in the renal medulla. The clinical implications of these tubulovenous and pyelovenous pathways of urinary reflux include backflow of whole urine and continued nephronic function in obstructive uropathy, "reverse backflow" of blood and hematuria, and a direct access for infectious agents into the circulation. These channels provide anatomic correlates for radiologic findings of extravasates and some backflow patterns of contrast material in pyelograms of clinical obstructive uropathy. The possible immunologic consequences of refluxing Tamm-Horsfall uromucoprotein gaining access to tissues and circulation are speculative.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Doxycycline in the treatment of cholera.

Doxycycline was compared with tetracycline in the treatment of cholera. Four types of treatment were compared: Group A was given 200 mg of doxycycline on admission and 100 mg on the second day; Group B was given 200 mg of doxycycline on admission only; Group C was given 300 mg of doxycycline on admission only; and Group D received 500 mg of tetracycline every 6 h for 48 h. Tetracycline showed a slight advantage in respect of duration of diarrhoea and vibrio excretion compared with doxycycline given as a single dose of 300 mg, but fluid intake and output were about the same in these two groups. The other two doxycycline treatment schedules did not compare well with tetracycline treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Hyposplenic, coagulopathic, cryptogenetic pneumococcemia.

An unusual case of sudden, fulminant pneumococcemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation occurred in a woman who had had incidental splenectomy 8 months previously, at the time of gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer. Similar cases in which there is constant relationship of splenectomy, pneumococcal sepsis, and Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome have been documented. Other similarities which are notable are a tendency for the disease to occur in women, lack of a nidus of infection, and proliferation of diplococci to numbers great enough to be seen easily on the peripheral blood smear.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗