Biomedical subjects

D Dyck

Publications and source records attributed to D Dyck.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Relationship between fat-to-fat-free mass ratio and decrements in leg strength after downhill running.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether greater body fat mass (FM) relative to lean mass would result in more severe muscle damage and greater decrements in leg strength after downhill running. The relationship between the FM-to-fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM) and the strength decline resulting from downhill running (-11% grade) was investigated in 24 male runners [age 23.4 +/- 0.7 (SE) yr]. The runners were divided into two groups on the basis of FM/FFM: low fat (FM/FFM = 0.100 +/- 0.008, body mass = 68.4 +/- 1.3 kg) and normal fat (FM/FFM = 0.233 +/- 0.020, body mass = 76.5 +/- 3.3 kg, P < 0.05). Leg strength was reduced less in the low-fat (-0.7 +/- 1.3%) than in the normal-fat individuals (-10.3 +/- 1.5%) 48 h after, compared with before, downhill running (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the decline in strength could be predicted best by FM/FFM (r2 = 0.44, P < 0.05) and FM-to-thigh lean tissue cross-sectional area ratio (r2 = 0.53, P < 0.05), with no additional variables enhancing the prediction equation. There were no differences in muscle glycogen, creatine phosphate, ATP, or total creatine 48 h after, compared with before, downhill running; however, the change in muscle glycogen after downhill running was associated with a higher FM/FFM (r = -0.56, P < 0.05). These data suggest that FM/FFM is a major determinant of losses in muscle strength after downhill running.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed2000

The impact of school-organized sport activities on the priority youth health-risk behaviors.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of school-organized sport activities on the priority youth health-risk behaviors.METHODS: Data were taken from The 1997 National School-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Measures of prevalence rates in six categories of priority health-risk behaviors defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were performed between participants and non-participants in school-organized sport activities. Then multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between participation in school-organized sport activities and the priority health-risk behaviors.RESULTS: Overall, 49.5% of students nationwide participated in school-organized sport activities in 1997. The major behavioral factors that proved statistically significant in predicting participation in school-organized activities in the logistic regression model were non-use of seatbelt, non-use of helmet, and use of chewing tobacco. Behavioral factors that were inversely related to participation in school-organized activities were smoking cigarettes, using different kinds of drugs, using condoms, carrying weapons, eating vegetables, and attempting suicide.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the nationally representative data, participation in school-organized sport activities was positively associated with many desirable health behaviors. However, a challenge for us will be not only to promote youth participation in school-organized sport activities, but also to address some co-existing behavioral problems that may lead to non-intentional injury and use of chewing tobacco.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1996

Managed rehabilitative care: overview for occupational health nurses.

Managed rehabilitative care (MRC) is a comprehensive approach to return ill or injured employees to the workplace as soon as they are medically fit to function. A MRC program is designed to maintain the health of employees and the integrity of corporate short term disability, long term disability, and workers' compensation programs. MRC can be an effective method of returning employees to health and work while contributing to cost containment. Ideally, one person is responsible for the overall program management and the daily operations of a MRC program. In many companies, this role is assumed by the occupational health nurse. To measure the productivity and effectiveness of a MRC program, data must be collected and documented.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

Management of chronic fatigue syndrome: case study.

1. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complex disorder marked by incapacitating fatigue of uncertain etiology which has resulted in a least a 50% reduction in activity and is of at least 6 months' duration. 2. Definitive diagnosis can be very challenging. Because no markers objectively identify the presence of CFS, diagnosis depends heavily on the presence of subjective complaints. 3. The current philosophy of CFS management is to use a multidisciplinary approach incorporating these rehabilitation goals: restore a sense of self efficacy and control; gradually increase physical activity; and decrease the restrictions imposed by CFS.

Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic↗

PubMed1996

Career streaming: a model of career development.

1. A career is an individually perceived sequence of attitudes and behaviors associated with work related experiences and activities over the span of the person's life. 2. Every career ultimately reaches some sort of a plateau--a position from which someone is unlikely to advance to a higher level of responsibility in their career. The danger is they will become unmotivated and apathetic. 3. One method proposed for keeping employees challenged and interested is career streaming--a model of career development for employees within a defined professional field. The challenge is to provide a range of levels with defined skills for each level. The model developed for an occupational health service is provided as an example.

Career Mobility↗

PubMed1996

Gap analysis of health services. Client satisfaction surveys.

1. Measurement of client satisfaction is an important component of an effective occupational health service. The key to providing an effective health service is meeting or exceeding what clients expect from the service. 2. Gap analysis, a methodology for measuring service quality gaps, consists of identifying the type of gap(s) (1 through 5) that exist, preventing client satisfaction with the service(s) provided. 3. Although it has limitations, the SERVQUAL instrument is a valid and reliable tool that can be adapted to measure service quality gaps in occupational health services.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗

PubMed1995

Petro-Canada Heart Health Program: successful program.

1. The economic impact of cardiovascular disease is significant, requiring 8.3 million annual inpatient days for treatment. Disability accounts for 25% of disability pensions paid by Canada Pension Plan to individuals less than 65 years of age. 2. Management of risk factors provides an opportunity to reduce the likelihood of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to mitigate the effects of non-modifiable risks. 3. There is an increased risk for CHD with elevated cholesterol. The best return on the value of a cholesterol program comes from testing work groups comprised mainly of males and older employees. 4. The goal of promoting and maintaining high levels of physical, mental, and social well being for workers can be achieved through programs such as the cholesterol screening and education programs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Cytokine-specific central monoamine alterations induced by interleukin-1, -2 and -6.

Cytokine-specific alterations of monoamine activity were evident in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex 2 h following peripheral administration of recombinant interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2 and IL-6 (200 ng, i.p.) in male, BALB/c mice. IL-1 induced the broadest range of neurochemical changes, affecting central norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) activity. In particular, IL-1 enhanced NE turnover in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, 5-HT turnover in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (owing to increased utilization and reduced content of the transmitters in these brain regions), and enhanced DA utilization in the prefrontal cortex. IL-6 increased 5-HT and DA activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in a manner similar to IL-1, but failed to affect central NE activity. Moreover, IL-2 increased hypothalamic NE turnover (reflecting a profound increase in NE utilization) and enhanced DA turnover in the prefrontal cortex, but did not influence central 5-HT activity. Hence, these cytokines differentially altered neurochemical activity in brain regions that mediate neuroimmune interactions and that are influenced by physical and psychological stressors. In addition to the neurochemical changes, plasma corticosterone concentrations were profoundly enhanced in IL-1-treated animals, but not significantly altered by IL-2 or IL-6 treatment. The IL-1-induced corticosterone elevations did not significantly correlate with alterations of hypothalamic NE activity.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗