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Biomedical subjects

D Dziewulska

Publications and source records attributed to D Dziewulska.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

CADASIL: new cases and new questions.

We described the first two unrelated Polish families with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). In the morphological examination with light microscopy, two kinds of changes were observed: (1). panarteritis nodosa-like changes with eosinophilic fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates and (2). basophilic granular material in the tunica media characteristic of CADASIL. At electron microscopy, we found deposits of granular osmophilic material (GOM) within the wall of arteries, veins and capillary vessels. Our findings imply two questions requiring further investigation: Why in the genetically determined vascular disorder are the features of systemic inflammatory vascular disease present? Why in capillary walls deprived of smooth muscle cells are deposits of GOM present?

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Paraneoplastic syndrome in the course of lung adenocarcinoma: morphological picture and immunohistochemical analysis of the inflammatory infiltrates and PECAM-1 expression.

We examined sections of brain, spinal cord, spinal roots, and peripheral nerves from a patient with paraneoplastic syndrome in the course of lung adenocarcinoma. Morphological examination showed marked loss of myelin fibers in peripheral nerves, severe brain tissue edema, and paraneoplastic degeneration involving cerebrum and cerebellum with inflammatory components. Inflammatory infiltrates examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against antigens CD 3, CD 4, CD 8, and CD 20 turned out to be composed of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The expression of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in blood vessels was increased in comparison with control material, which may facilitate transendothelial lymphocyte migration triggering a cascade of biochemical and morphological reactions observed in paraneoplastic syndrome.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Astrogliosis and blood vessel development during human spinal cord myelination.

The aim of our study was to investigate a relationship between vessel development, astrogliosis and myelination in humans. We examined spinal cords of human fetuses and infants using immunohistochemical methods with antibodies against Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and lectin Ulex Europaeus Type 1 (UEA-1). Our investigation showed that in parallel to the increase of MBP reactivity in the spinal cord white matter more GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes appeared. Reaction of vessel endothelium with lectin UEA-1 revealed the temporal increase of vascularization in the course of the spinal cord tracts myelination in fetuses. In the postnatal period when the myelination is nearly morphologically completed, the spinal cord white matter was poorly vascularized although GFAP-immunoreactive cells were still relatively numerous. We suggested that the increase of vascularization and astrogliosis observed during spinal cord tracts myelination may be connected with their participation in process of myelin sheath formation via, among others, local secretion of growth factors necessary for normal myelin development.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed2000

Correlative ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of developing vascular basement membrane in postnatal rat spinal cord.

We investigated the development of vascular basement membrane in immature spinal cord vessels during rat spinal cord myelination. Correlative ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study indicated that fibronectin was the first component of extracellular matrix. Then, on the 9th postnatal day, laminin appeared. At that time, lamina lucida of vascular basement membrane was not detectable. On the 15th day, when collagen IV was visible, lamina densa and lamina lucida were occasionally observed. All components of basement membrane--fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV, alpha-2 laminin (merosin)--and ultrastructural division into two layers were detected on the 25th postnatal day. The results of this study indicates that a gradual development of endothelium in immature rat spinal cord blood vessels leads to a gradual increase of synthesis of extracellular matrix components.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Do astrocytes participate in rat spinal cord myelination?

Astrocytes play an important role in CNS development phenomena, such as neuron migration and blood-brain barrier formation, but only a little is known of their role in the process of myelination. The aim of our investigation was to examine the relationship between astrocytes and myelin formation. We evaluated rat spinal cords using hematoxylin-eosin and Klüver-Barrera staining methods as well as immunohistochemical methods with antibodies against myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and lamins A/C and B2. Our investigation revealed that myelination in the rat spinal cord tracts began between the 6th and 9th postnatal day involving the anterior funiculi, then the lateral funiculi and later the posterior ones. The process of myelination finished about the 25th postnatal day. More GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes were detected in parallel to the increase of MBP reactivity. We suggest that the temporary increase of GFAP positive cells accompanying the process of myelination is necessary for normal myelin development and may be connected with local secretion of growth factors by astrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Vascular changes in tuberculous meningoencephalitis.

Our report refers two cases of tuberculous encephalomeningitis which differ in the course and pathological changes. In case 1 blood vessels showed features of peri, endo-, or panvasculites. In some vessels endothelium proliferation leading to the stenosis or obliteration of the vascular lumen was observed. Necrosis was an effect of vessels occlusion. In case 2 many fewer vessel were involved in onflammation process. Vascular changes were also less extensive and were observed more rarely. Tuberculous infection often caused less tissue lesions than vascular changes. Different pathological changes probably depend on the type and virulence of Myobacterium tuberculosis and on the host immune response to the infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Age-dependent changes in astroglial reactivity in human ischemic stroke. Immunohistochemical study.

Clinical investigations revealed that a course of human ischemic stroke may be different in various patient's age. For the purpose of finding a reflection of this phenomenon in morphological picture we examined astroglial reactions in human brains with ischemic necrosis. Material was divided into two groups: senile (SG) (80-101 years, n = 34) and the middle age (MG) (40-65 years, n = 33). Astrocyte reactivity was evaluated using immunohistochemical methods with antibodies against: protein S-100, GFAP, Vimentin and recombinant parts of the Ki-67 molecule (MIB-1 antibody) during 32 days after the disease onset. Investigations revealed that astroglial reactivity appeared later (5th day) in SG then in MD (3rd day), was less pronounced-especially in the third (p < 0.05) and fourth week (p < 0.01), was more diffused and of shorter duration in SG than in MG. Astrocyte proliferation turned out surprisingly minimal in both groups and was observed more often in MG then in SG. We suggest that astroglial reactivity depends on the patient's age. Difference in the astrocyte reactions may be caused by a decrease of mitogenic and transforming factors activity, a decrease of astrocyte susceptibility for stimulating factors and/or ischemic tolerance phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

White matter injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Microscopic examination of 6 brains and spinal cords of patients deceased of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reveals as follows: 1) White matter changes considerably exceeding those found in motor neurons structures. 2) They involve white matter of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes including long association fibers. 3) Pyramidal tracts are extremely damaged within spinal cord and medulla. 4) Within spinal cord besides pyramidal tracts majority of ascending and descending pathways are damaged. 5) Pathomechanism of white matter changes seems to be complex. Within brain hemispheres predominate nonspecific changes, 6) Imaging methods in ALS bring a diagnostic progress but at present the conclusions on specificity of changes encountered in various imaging methods in different diseases seem to be precautions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Coexistence of various vascular malformations within the brain.

Authors present two cases of basilar artery aneurysm accompanied by different development failures of blood vessels. In both cases anomaly in formation of brain base vessels, angioma consisted of different size thin-walled vessels and arterio-venous angioma within brain stem were stated. Besides, conglomerates of abnormal vessels, angiosis within pia matter, diffused lacunar and fetal as well as thin-walled venous vessels were found. Pathological vessels, their conglomerates were present in brain stem, cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres. The variability of vascular malformations seems to point at long-lasting action pathogenic factor during ontogenesis. Authors try to refer particular developmental anomalies to proper stage of ontogenesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Morphological picture in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Case report.

25-year-old woman with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria was admitted to the hospital because of headache, progressing right hemiparesis and speech disorders. Several days later patient lost consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid was xanthochromic with increased pleocytosis and protein level. CT-scan revealed ischemic area with hemorrhagic focus within left cerebral hemisphere. Patient died 3 weeks after the admission. Brain section revealed hemorrhagic infarct in the cortex of the left parietal lobe, thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus and "respiratory brain" changes. Microscopic examination revealed meningeal venous thrombosis, hemorrhagic infarct, vasculitis, abundant accumulation of bacteria within blood vessels, and other pathological changes such as petechiae, perivascular exudates and small, round areas composed of acellular fibrillary network. There were no macrophages and GFAP-positive astrocytes in any of these areas. Authors suggest that weak cell reactivity may be connected with alterations in cell membranes, mainly low phosphatidylinositol (GPI) content.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ammon's horn changes in focal brain ischemia in humans.

Neuronal changes in Ammon's horn were examined immunocytochemically in 20 patients aged from 51 to 101 years, deceased in the course of ischemic lesions localized within the area supplied by vessels derived from other then Ammon's horn vascularization (middle cerebral artery). Numerous neurons within various sector of the pyramidal layer, in the dentate gyrus, subiculum and entorhinal cortex were immunopositive in reaction with antibodies to serum proteins (albumin, IgG, alpha-1-antitrypsin), indicating their damage. The distribution of damaged Ammon's horn pyramidal cells differed from the location of injured Ammon's horn neurons in experimental investigations of brain ischemia and did not indicate a selective vulnerability of pyramidal cells in the human h1 area, corresponding to the CA1 sector in animals. Contrary to experimental material, changes in the human Ammon's horn are caused by numerous overlapping factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Rare coexistence of congenital malformations in adult.

Coexistence of several developmental abnormalities in adults is very rare and often asymptomatic. In many instances appearance of clinical symptomatology is evoked by some additional factors, not related directly with the basic pathological process. In a 21-year-old oligophrenic man a progressive paresis of inferior limbs appeared in the course of the upper respiratory tract infection. During 5 days of hospitalization transient peripheral paresis of the right facial nerve, tetraplegia, sphincter and respiratory disturbances occurred. Guillain-Barré syndrome and subarachnoid hemorrhage were diagnosed. On autopsy hemorrhagic focus in the medulla and in the cervical and upper thoracic parts of the spinal cord was found. Microscopic examination revealed hypocellularity of the 2nd and 4th layers of the temporal cortex, presence of the central canal within the brain stem, and hemorrhagic focus in the medulla. Two malformations in spinal cord were revealed: intraspinal angioma extending from the C2 to the Th6 segments and diastematomyelia within Th11 and lumbar segments. Diastematomyelia, cortical hypocellularity and angioma composed of fetal, lacunar artery- and vein-like vessels, are related with different periods of the ontogenic development. Coexistence of these malformations indicates prolonged action of the pathogenic factor(s), both in the embryonic and fetal life.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Influence of aging on the protein profile of myelin isolated from human brain white matter.

Myelin proteins composition was examined in material of 20 autoptic cases at ages from 20 to 97 years. The technique of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isotachophoresis was applied. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a progressive increase starting at the age of 60 years of Wolfgram protein at the expense of Folch-Lees proteolipid protein and DM-20 protein was observed. The myelin-associated protein started to increase in the 4th and 5th decade of life, returning thereafter to values observed in younger cases. The isotachophoretic technique did not differentiate the changes observed in myelin protein in the course of aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The breakdown process of human brain infarction in middle-aged and senile cases.

The material comprised 15 cases of ischemic brain stroke at the age of 45 to 101 years. Six brain of subjects deceased at the age of 45 to 57 years and 9 brains of those deceased at the age of 80 to 101 years were studied. Phagocytic cell immunoreactivity in both age groups during the first 5 days and on the 11th and 12th were compared. Phagocytic reactivity in cases of patients who died on the 6th, 15th and 35th days after stroke onset was also estimated. Colliquative necrosis with cavitation was observed in middle-aged cases from the 3rd infarction day. In the senile group the beginning of tissue breakdown was noted on the 5th day, but colliquative necrosis with cavitation was found on the 11th infarction day. Senile alterations in the biochemical components in various brain tissue elements are probably the cause of the different course and dynamics of the pathological process.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Does damage of perivascular astrocytes in multiple sclerosis plaques participate in blood-brain barrier permeability?

In six young and two senile MS cases perivascular astrocytes within demyelination lesions were evaluated immunocytochemically. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of Sternberger et al. (1970) was used for visualization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In all cases very weak immunoreactivity of perivascular astrocytes was noted. Accumulation of perivascular glial fibers, and infrequently their fragmentation were observed both within active and old demyelination plaques. Clasmatodendrosis, Rosenthal's fibers and prominent regressive changes of astrocyte perikarya were found only in old plaques. A lack of immunoreactivity of perivascular astrocytes was noted within old demyelination lesions. The background of the latter was often immunonegative to GFAP. It is suggested that secondary damage of perivascular astrocytes influences vascular permeability within demyelination lesions including old plaques.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Brain infarcts in humans during middle age and senility. I. Defects of blood-brain barrier permeability in immunocytochemical studies].

Brains of the deceased in the age from 45 to 57 years (6 cases) and from 80 to 101 years (9 cases) with ischemic brain damage were studied. Technique of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (Sterberger et al. 1970) was used for visualization of the brain tissue reactivity for albumin, IgG, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin. In all cases the disturbances of the blood vessels permeability were found. The BBB deterioration within the first days of brain infarct seems to be smaller in senile age than in middle age. However, after some days senile blood vessels permeability increases and become similar in both age groups.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early ontogenic disturbances in cell migration in mentally disabled adult.

Disturbances in cell migration are heterogenic disorders of brain development commonly associated with epilepsy and mental retardation. We report a 45-year-old oligophrenic man with defect of lower limbs and family history of mental retardation who died because of brainstem hemorrhage. At post-mortem and histopathological examination, complex brain malformation characterized by bilateral periventricular heterotopia, cortical dysgenesia, partial agenesia of corpus callosum and thin-walled blood vessels was found. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the presence of fibronectin, collagen IV and laminin in wall of pathological vessels. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in neurons within heterotopias and dysgenic cortex was negative. It may indicate their maturity and indirectly, normal activity of postsynaptic NMDA receptors that explains absence of epileptic attacks in our patient. The presence of COX-2-negative neurons and compounds of basal lamina in fetal-like vessels within heterotopias and dysgenic cortex, suggests that these probably initially immature structures became mature during 45 years of patient's life.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗