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Biomedical subjects

D E Henson

Publications and source records attributed to D E Henson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Progress in early breast cancer detection.

Evidence indicates progress in the early detection of breast cancer. After 1982 there was a reported increase in the incidence of breast cancer, presumably as a result of increased screening for the disease. The increase was especially noted in early stage breast cancer. The incidence of in situ cases also increased. Since 1973 the San Francisco-Oakland Bay area has reported a statistically significant decrease in mortality for white women. The evidence supports continued efforts at early breast cancer detection.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Results of a national survey of characteristics of hospital tumor conferences.

A descriptive survey of hospital tumor conferences, which are also referred to as tumor boards, was conducted by the National Cancer Institute in collaboration with the American College of Surgeons and Roswell Park Memorial Institute. The survey was done to assess the involvement of the tumor conference in the care of the patient with cancer and to lay the groundwork for additional studies of the conference. The data from the descriptive survey are based on questionnaires sent to 1,700 hospitals in the United States. The questionnaires requested information about frequency, attendance, composition, role of the chairman, agenda and other variables that relate to the format and purpose of the conference. From the results, we conclude that tumor conferences are an accepted and established institution for the multidisciplinary care of patients with cancer. They are a major source of consultation and education for physicians and for other professionals involved in oncology. Tumor conferences are conducted in a wide spectrum of hospitals and related institutions that vary in size and function.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Relation of tumor size, lymph node status, and survival in 24,740 breast cancer cases.

Two of the most important prognostic indicators for breast cancer are tumor size and extent of axillary lymph node involvement. Data on 24,740 cases recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute were used to evaluate the breast cancer survival experience in a representative sample of women from the United States. Actuarial (life table) methods were used to investigate the 5-year relative survival rates in cases with known operative/pathologic axillary lymph node status and primary tumor diameter. Survival rates varied from 45.5% for tumor diameters equal to or greater than 5 cm with positive axillary nodes to 96.3% for tumors less than 2 cm and with no involved nodes. The relation between tumor size and lymph node status was investigated in detail. Tumor diameter and lymph node status were found to act as independent but additive prognostic indicators. As tumor size increased, survival decreased regardless of lymph node status; and as lymph node involvement increased, survival status also decreased regardless of tumor size. A linear relation was found between tumor diameter and the percent of cases with positive lymph node involvement. The results of our analyses suggest that disease progression to distant sites does not occur exclusively via the axillary lymph nodes, but rather that lymph node status serves as an indicator of the tumor's ability to spread.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Entero-endocrine cell differentiation in carcinomas of the gallbladder and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas.

Forty two carcinomas of the gallbladder and 25 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas were analyzed using silver stains and immunohistochemical techniques. Fourteen (33.3%) gallbladder carcinomas had argyrophil and argentaffin cells and 17 (40%) contained endocrine cells as shown by immunoperoxidase stains. The gallbladder tumors that had the largest number of endocrine cells were the well differentiated adenocarcinomas with colonic features. The most common endocrine cell in these tumors was the serotonin-containing (EC) cell followed by somatostatin-containing cells and cells that reacted to pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin. Intestinal metaplasia with pseudopyloric gland hyperplasia was present in the gallbladder mucosa adjacent to 11 carcinomas and had an endocrine cell population similar to that of the tumors. Endocrine cells were demonstrated in 18 (70%) of the 25 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas by the immunoperoxidase method although only 9 had argyrophil and argentaffin cells. The population of endocrine cells in these mucinous pancreatic tumors was similar to that found in gallbladder carcinomas. Endocrine cells were more numerous in areas with colonic-type glands, goblet cells and Paneth cells. The secretory products of the endocrine cells in these gallbladder and pancreatic tumors did not give rise to systemic endocrine manifestations. The presence of endocrine cells in these tumors can be explained on the basis of intestinal differentiation.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1988

The histological grading of neoplasms.

The relation of tumor grade to cancer patient outcome was investigated for 15 anatomic sites using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md. Over 500,000 cases were available for review. In some cases, nine-year follow-up information was also available. The results showed that, stage for stage, the grade further subdivided the overall survival rates for each site into distinct subsets that were significantly different. The study confirms the concept of grade as applied to cancer and the relation of grade to survival. From the results, the conclusions are reached that grading is prognostically valuable, especially when analyzed with respect to survival in a population, and that the grade provides prognostic information in addition to the stage of disease. It is proposed that three grades be adopted to minimize statistical variation. The results are considered significant, since neither standard nor uniform guidelines have existed for grading that pertain to all sites.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Morphologic and immunocytochemical observations.

Twenty mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas, most of which occurred in the tail of the pancreas in middle-aged women, were examined histologically and by immunohistochemical stains. Thirteen tumors displayed a marked histological heterogeneity and expressed intestinal differentiation as shown by the colonic appearance of the glands both at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. Other intestinal features included varying numbers of goblet cells, argyrophil and argentaffin cells, and even Paneth cells. By immunohistochemistry, endocrine cells were present in 13 of the 20 tumors (65%) and were more numerous in the poorly differentiated than in the well-differentiated epithelial component of the tumors. Serotonin-containing cells were the most common endocrine cells, followed by somatostatin-containing cells and cells that showed immunoreactivity for pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin. However, none of the patients had clinical manifestations of carcinoid, somatostatinoma, or the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The findings support the hypothesis that mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas arise from an "endodermal stem cell" that differentiates into cells with intestinal phenotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

VIPs in cancer care.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Hospital Departments↗
PubMed1986

Intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder: a morphologic and immunocytochemical study.

The morphologic spectrum of intestinal metaplasia was studied in 49 gallbladders that had been excised because of cholelithiasis. Based on the absence or presence of endocrine cells, the cases of intestinal metaplasia were arbitrarily divided into two groups. The gallbladders from the first group (26 cases) contained isolated or small clusters of mature goblet cells, while those from the second group (23 cases), in addition to the goblet cells, contained argyrophil and argentaffin cells and, less frequently, Paneth cells and gland-like structures similar to colonic crypts. Pseudopyloric glands and superficial gastric-type epithelium were present in both groups. Argyrophil cells outnumbered argentaffin cells by a ratio of 4 to 1. By immunocytochemical methods serotonin-containing cells were found to be the most common endocrine cells. Other endocrine cells showed immunoreactivity for somatostatin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide. The presence of gut endocrine cells and Paneth cells in the pseudopyloric glands suggests that these glands are also an integral component of intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder. The findings support the hypothesis that cholelithiasis induces the appearance of a stem endodermal cell that, in turn, may differentiate into cells with mature intestinal or gastric phenotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. A clinicopathologic study of seven cases.

Seven examples of a distinctive morphological variant of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with intestinal features are reported. Four tumors were composed predominantly of goblet cells and absorptive columnar cells, two of which had, in addition, a few Paneth cells and neuroendocrine cells. Three neoplasms closely resembled colonic carcinoma, and one of these also contained neuroendocrine cells. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in three of the seven intestinal-type adenocarcinomas, two of which also had cells that stained for somatostatin pancreatic polypeptide and cholecystokinin. Four adenocarcinomas were associated with cholelithiasis, and three with intestinal metaplasia of the uninvolved mucosa. Despite the well-differentiated character of all neoplasms and the deceptively benign microscopic appearance of two of them, three patients died with extension to the liver and metastasis. Of the two survivors, one had carcinoma in situ and the other had a carcinoma that extended only to the muscle layer of the gallbladder. The various cell phenotypes found in these gallbladder adenocarcinomas can be explained on the basis of intestinal differentiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Staging for cancer. New developments and importance to pathology.

Important to both the physician and patient, cancer staging is an agreed upon classification for defining the extent of a malignant tumor. The present staging system is based principally on the anatomic spread of the primary tumor beyond three landmarks. The first landmark is the site of the primary tumor, usually referred to as topography, the second landmark is the regional lymph nodes or adjacent anatomic structures, and the third landmark refers to distant metastases. These three landmarks define the topographic, lymph node, and metastatic system of staging that has been promulgated by the International Union Against Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer in the United States. Staging systems have been developed for all anatomic sites including pediatric tumors. In many cases, the key physician, in providing the necessary information for accurate staging, is the pathologist.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1985

Cancer of the gallbladder in Bolivia: suggestions concerning etiology.

In order to investigate the very high incidence of gallbladder cancer in Bolivia, a series of patients with gallbladder cancer and/or cholelithiasis from a hospital in La Paz was compared to a series of patients with cholelithiasis from Philadelphia. Each group demonstrated a similar female predilection. Bolivian patients with gallbladder cancer were older than patients with cholelithiasis who, in turn, were older than the general population (p less than 0.001). Racial differences demonstrated previously were confirmed. Bolivian gallstones were uniformly cholesterol in type, in contrast to the US series, in which 27% of patients had black pigment stones. Bile specimens obtained from Bolivian patients with cholelithiasis had a lower concentration of bile salts, phospholipids, and cholesterol than bile specimens from US cholelithiasis patients (p less than 0.01, less than 0.001, and less than 0.001, respectively). These biochemical differences may help to explain the differing incidence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder cancer in the US and Bolivia.

Bile↗