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Biomedical subjects

D E Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to D E Jenkins.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

Serum-red cell interactions at low ionic strength: erythrocyte complement coating and hemolysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria cells.

Complement coating and hemolysis were observed when erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) were incubated in isotonic sucrose solution in the presence of small amounts of serum. Normal cells were likewise coated with complement components but did not hemolyze. Both normal and PNH erythrocytes reduced the hemolytic complement activity of the serum used in this reaction. Experience with other simple saccharides and related compounds suggests that the low ionic strength of the sucrose solution is the feature that permitted complement coating of red cells and hemolysis of PNH erythrocytes. Isotonic solutions of other sugars or sugar alcohols that do not readily enter human erythrocytes could be substituted for sucrose. The mechanism for these reactions may possibly relate to the agglutination observed with erythrocytes tested in the serum-sucrose system. Even though PNH hemolytic activity could be removed by prior heating of serum or barium sulfate treatment of plasma, the agglutination phenomenon still persisted. The in vitro conditions necessary for optimal sucrose hemolysis of PNH erythrocytes were described and compared with those of the classical acid hemolysis test. The requirement for less serum in the sucrose hemolysis system than needed in the standard acid hemolysis reaction makes certain experiments, especially those using large amounts of autologous PNH serum, much more feasible. Additional advantages of the sucrose hemolysis test are that it can be carried out at room temperature in the presence of oxalate and citrate and that critical pH control is not essential. To date, the sucrose hemolysis test has been a sensitive and specific one for PNH. A modified test used for screening purposes, the "sugar water" test, is very easy to perform.

Complement System Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A rapid method for the production of erythrocytes in the state "EC4" and "EC43".

The present report describes simple methods for preparing red blood cells coated with complement components. Erythrocytes coated strongly with C4 and C3 (EC43 cells) can be prepared using the standard sucrose hemolysis reaction system. Erythrocytes coated with C4 but not C3 (EC4 cells) can be prepared by a slight modification (addition of EDTA to sucrose prior to adding serum). Occasional sera (especially from black subjects) produced weak C3 coating of red blood cells in the modified sucrose hemolysis reaction. This C3 coating could be entirely abolished (without reducing C4 coating) by using Mg++ poor serum produced by dialyzing serum against Mg++ free barbital buffer. The EC43 and EC3 cells are extremely useful in analysis of anticomplement antiglobulin sera.

Binding Sites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method for radioactive antiglobulin testing with 125I labeled anti-IgG.

The present report describes a method for 125I anti-IgG antiglobulin testing. The method involves the use of a labeled DEAE cellulose IgG fraction of goat anti-human IgG globulin. Leukocyte-free red blood cells were used in the test procedure. Both the labeled antiserum and the red blood cell suspensions were diluted in normal rabbit serum to prevent non-specific uptake of labeled antiserum by normal, uncoated red blood cells. The results of the study show that the method is highly reproducible and relatively easy to perform once the labeled anti-IgG is prepared. Furthermore, the use of labeled antiserum permits analysis of antiserum specificity by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. The problem of determining anti-IgG/IgG binding ratios remains the major disadvantage to using the method to determine precise amounts of human IgG coating red blood cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A rapid method for the preparation of high potency auto and alloantibody eluates.

The present report describes a modified, rapid acid-stromal method for elution of erythrocyte antibodies. With this method, potent crystal clear auto and alloantibody eluates can be produced. The simplicity of the method makes it readily adaptable to the routine serological laboratory or blood bank. In semiquantitative and quantitative studies, we have found that this method compares favorably with other antibody elution methods. With alloantibodies, the rapid acid elution method and the ether method produced the strongest eluates with the ether eluates being slightly more potent than the rapid eluated. By contrast, with autoantibodies the rapid method was clearly superior, producing much stronger IgG erythrocyte coating as judged by the 125I antiglobulin test.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radioactive antiglobulin testing with 125I anti-C4 and anti-C3.

The report describes methods for quantitating C4 and C3 coating of red blood cells using 125I anti-C4 and anti-C3. Two methods of preparing antisera were used; one involving absorption and elution from complement coated cells, and the other employing IgG fractions of antisera prepared on DEAE cellulose. White-cell-free red blood cells were used in the test procedure. Both the labeled antisera and the test cells were diluted in cold carrier proteins, initially bovine serum albumin, but more recently normal rabbit serum. We have found that normal rabbit serum is particularly effective in reducing the high uptake of nonspecific counts on normal cells, which had previously been a major technical problem for the radioactive antiglobulin technique. These methods are highly reproducible and relatively easy to perform once the labeled antisera are prepared. Furthermore, the use of labeled antisera permits analysis of specificity by the highly sensitive technique of radioimmunoelectrophoresis. One problem with the technique is that results indicate uptake of labeled antisera, rather than amounts of coating substances. Nonetheless, the ease of performance and the reproducibility of the method, make the procedure very useful in comparative studies of uptake of C4 and C3 by red blood cells.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood transfusion in liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation is a relatively new procedure in which unusually large quantities of blood are used. Blood use in 68 adult and 49 pediatric liver transplants was reviewed. The median (range) intraoperative red cell use for adults and children was 28.5 (3-251) and 11 (2-55), respectively. Blood use closely correlated with the patient's primary diagnosis. Adult patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and carcinoma used about one-half as much blood as those with a diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis, hepatitis, or cirrhosis. Patients in the former diagnostic groups also had better survival rates. Total red cell use for the patient's entire hospitalization was about twice that used during surgery. Fresh-frozen plasma use paralleled red cell transfusions, but platelet use was modest. These data can serve as a baseline in helping other hospital transfusion services prepare for the advent of liver transplantation in their institutions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemical pneumonitis secondary to inhalation of epoxy pipe coating.

Two patients with chemical pneumonitis secondary to inhalation of an epoxy curing material used in the coating of pipes had similar patterns of cough, hemoptysis, and dyspnea associated with diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates shortly following the exposure. Pulmonary function studies showed a volume-restrictive defect with severe hypoxemia, but an elevated diffusing capacity. All lung function studies returned toward normal within 1 month of exposure. One patient underwent an open lung biopsy which showed changes consistent with a nonspecific injury to the alveolar wall. This epoxy curing material, trimellitic anhydride, represents another cause of diffuse lung injury that can result in pulmonary edema.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Left ventricular function during respiratory failure.

Indirect measures of left ventricular function were studied in seven patients with respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to determine if there were a relationship between left ventricular function and treatment of the pulmonary disease. All patients were studied during acute episodes while in respiratory failure having arterial Pco2 (Paco2) values greater than 49 torr with no clinical evidence of left ventricular failure. Indirect methods to evaluate left ventricular function included the use of the Swan-Ganz catheter for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measurement, systolic time intervals, and cardiac output. There was improvement in left ventricular function with treatment of the respiratory failure manifested by decreases in the wedge pressure and pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio, and an increase in the dp/dt/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with treatment of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The improvement in left ventricular function suggests that there is a depression of left ventricular function in respiratory failure. The depressed function improved with therapy of the lung disease without additional medication directed at cardiac function.

Adult↗