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D E McGhee

Publications and source records attributed to D E McGhee.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test.

An implicit association test (IAT) measures differential association of 2 target concepts with an attribute. The 2 concepts appear in a 2-choice task (2-choice task (e.g., flower vs. insect names), and the attribute in a 2nd task (e.g., pleasant vs. unpleasant words for an evaluation attribute). When instructions oblige highly associated categories (e.g., flower + pleasant) to share a response key, performance is faster than when less associated categories (e.g., insect & pleasant) share a key. This performance difference implicitly measures differential association of the 2 concepts with the attribute. In 3 experiments, the IAT was sensitive to (a) near-universal evaluative differences (e.g., flower vs. insect), (b) expected individual differences in evaluative associations (Japanese + pleasant vs. Korean + pleasant for Japanese vs. Korean subjects), and (c) consciously disavowed evaluative differences (Black + pleasant vs. White + pleasant for self-described unprejudiced White subjects).

Asian↗
PubMed1993

Fenfluramine and methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: laboratory effects.

Twenty-eight children took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of fenfluramine and methylphenidate. Fenfluramine dosage was gradually increased to a standardized dose of 1.5 mg/kg per day, whereas methylphenidate was given in doses of 0.4 mg/kg per day. The children were assessed on laboratory tests of selective and sustained attention, visual matching, and color matching, during which seat activity was monitored automatically. Results showed fenfluramine to be superior to placebo on the memory task, whereas methylphenidate reduced commission errors on a continuous performance test. Methylphenidate caused shorter response times, and fenfluramine caused increases, on two of the tests. Examiner behavior ratings indicated significant improvements with both drugs on the domains of attention, activity level, and mood. These findings, together with those from a companion clinical study, suggest that the drugs may have contrasting mechanisms of action, but both appear to have useful clinical effects in these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Fenfluramine and methylphenidate in children with mental retardation and ADHD: clinical and side effects.

Each of 28 nonautistic children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and mental retardation received placebo, methylphenidate (0.4 mg/kg/day), and fenfluramine (gradually increased to 1.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks each in a double-blind, crossover design. Teacher ratings indicated significant improvements with both active drugs on subscales designated as Conduct Problem, Hyperactivity, and Irritability, but methylphenidate alone produced improvements on an Inattention subscale. Parent ratings indicated significant improvements with both drugs on subscales labeled Hyperactivity, Motor Excess, and Conduct Problem. Fenfluramine alone caused improved parent ratings on Irritability and Inappropriate Speech, and on Conners' Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire. Unlike a previous study, subgroup analyses failed to show a significantly better clinical response to methylphenidate for subjects with higher mental ages, although children with higher IQs responded better than those with IQs less than 45. The active drugs had contrasting effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Fenfluramine caused significant weight reductions relative to both placebo and methylphenidate. These findings suggest that both methylphenidate and fenfluramine have useful, but somewhat different, clinical effects in certain children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and mental retardation.

Adolescent↗