Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D E Poswillo.
A congenital abnormality of the digits, similar to the 'lobster claw' deformity of humans, was observed in 8 common marmosets. The condition varied in severity and in effect on the animals; it appeared to be due to a single autosomal recessive trait.
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It is proposed in the scientific literature that the costochondral graft is the most suitable method for reconstruction of the mandibular condyle. Success is demonstrated by function and continued growth. Creeping substitution of osteoid does not compromise the osteochondral graft. In many species cartilage autografts survive and grow despite the absence of perichondrium and synovial membrane. These studies emphasise the importance of transferring only a thin cartilage cap on an osteochondral graft for optimum survival of cartilage cells. Many experiments involving metatarsals or ephiphyseal heads have failed to reproduce the cartilaginous cap found in the normal condyle. Despite evidence from animal studies, there is human experience of the unpredictability of costochondral grafts. Much remains to be evaluated, in animal model systems comparable with man, before optimum joint replacement can be assured in the treatment of those with congenital and acquired deformities of the condyle.
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Topical carbenoxolone was discovered by chance to be a highly effective anti-viral agent and was subsequently used in the management of Herpetic gingivostomatitis and recurrent Herpes labialis. A marked reduction in the healing time and pain associated with these lesions was noted. A discussion of the possible mechanisms of action of carbenoxolone is included.
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Craniofacial dysplasia of a syndromic pattern can usually be classified into one of two easily identifiable groups. In the first group are those malformations of the craniofacial skeleton and soft tissues that are asymmetrical in form and in the other, those that are principally symmetrical. Clinical studies have demonstrated that affected subjects in the symmetrical group frequently improve in terms of facial appearance as growth and development proceed to maturity, while those with asymmetrical defects often deteriorate in this respect. Embryological studies on animal models of these malformations have shown that asymmetrical lateral facial dysplasia and symmetrical mandibulofacial dysplasia exhibit discrete and widely disparate causal mechanisms of malformation. Analysis of these mechanisms and their effects on subsequent growth and development has suggested significant variations in the timing and technique of reconstructive procedures which will enable the surgeon to produce the most effective results when used for the rehabilitation of the afflicted.
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