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Biomedical subjects

D E Tee

Publications and source records attributed to D E Tee.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Can flow cytometry reduce the workload for cervical screening? The results of a series of 622 specimens.

A simple method permitting the flow cytometric examination of cervical specimens has been developed and an assessment made of the feasibility of relying on this method to screen women for cervical neoplasia. Examination of four flow cytometric parameters showed differences between morphologically normal and abnormal specimens and allowed identification of a proportion of the normal specimens. The system had a false negative rate of 8%. Our experience with cervical specimens has revealed a number of problems associated with their examination by flow cytometry and these are discussed.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Activation of the complement system in human immunodeficiency virus infection: relevance of the classical pathway to pathogenesis and disease severity.

In vitro studies implicate classical and alternative complement pathway activation in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To ascertain their importance in vivo, activation fragments of the classical (C4d), alternative (Ba), and common (C3d) pathways were measured and fragment to parent molecule ratios derived in 74 HIV-infected individuals and related to circulating immune complex (CIC) levels, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stage, and beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, and CD4-positive (CD4+) lymphocyte levels. All fragments and ratios were significantly higher in patients (P less than .01) than controls. C4 conversion indices (C4d and C4d to C4) increased linearly with increasing CDC stage (P less than .001), while CD4+ lymphocytes decreased linearly (P less than .001). C4d, C3d, C4d to C4, and C3d to C3 correlated with increasing CIC and beta 2-microglobulin, and C4d and C4d to C4 correlated with decreasing CD4+ lymphocytes (P less than .05). The relationship of classical complement pathway activation to disease progression and CD4+ lymphocytes suggests its involvement in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Quantification of C3d in biological fluids by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Using a commercial source of peroxidase-labelled anti-C3d antibody (Dakopatts), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to quantify the complement fragment C3d. The technique enables the detection of C3d in plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The C3d-ELISA therefore provides a very sensitive technique for the evaluation of complement activation in biological fluids. In both plasma and urine the technique is able to discriminate between samples from normal controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis in whom complement activation is known to occur. A good correlation was found between results obtained by ELISA and those by laser nephelometry (r = 0.91, P less than 0.0001). Microtitre plates pre-coated with anti-C3d antibody and subsequently stored at -70 degrees C retained the ability to perform in this assay. The sensitivity, short assay time and use of commercial reagents and pre-coated plates give this technique numerous potential applications in the evaluation of complement activation.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

Activation of the alternative complement pathway: clinical application of a new technique to measure fragment Ba.

A new laser nephelometric technique for the measurement of the alternative complement pathway fragment Ba has been developed. Activation of the alternative complement pathway was assessed in 16 patients with Gram negative bacteraemia, six with Gram positive bacteraemia, 20 with rheumatoid arthritis, and 18 healthy subjects. Patients with Gram negative bacteraemia had significantly higher values of Ba (median 14.8%) than controls (9.3%) (p less than 0.01), while patients with Gram positive bacteraemia and rheumatoid arthritis had values similar to those of controls (10.1% and 9.5%). The technique proved sensitive and precise, and is suitable for the routine laboratory evaluation of complement activation through the alternative pathway.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A toxicity study of recombinant interferon-gamma given by intravenous infusion to patients with advanced cancer.

Eighteen patients with solid tumours were treated with human recombinant interferon-gamma at escalating dose levels starting at 1 X 10(6) units/m2 per infusion and rising through 3 X 10(6), 6 X 10(6), 9 X 10(6) and 22 X 10(6) to a maximum of 110 X 10(6) units/m2 per infusion. The IV infusions were given three times a week over a 4-week period. Side effects were seen in all patients, but were mild except at the highest dose. Acute dose-related effects included pyrexia, tiredness, thirst, chills and rigors. Chronic dose-related effects included anorexia, lethargy, weakness, disorientation, a trace of proteinuria and minimal rises in liver enzymes. In addition, effects were observed which were not related to dose. These included headache, nausea and vomiting, backache, myalgia, flatulence and a mild, transient reduction in neutrophils and erythrocytes. At the highest dose level dose-limiting toxicity was observed, consisting in severe tiredness and anorexia, hypotension, disorientation and changes on the electrocardiograph. Overall, toxicity was similar to that seen with preparations of interferon-alpha, except that no tolerance to the effects of interferon-gamma was noted. We observed less hepatic and haematological toxicity, but also recorded flatulence, handcramps and electrocardiograph changes, which have not been reported with interferon-alpha. When given according to this regimen, doses of 22 X 10(6) units/m2 per infusion of recombinant interferon-gamma were generally well tolerated by the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes: a role for activated T lymphocytes.

Expression of HLA DR antigens on T lymphocytes indicates that these cells are actively involved in an immune response. Raised levels of activated T lymphocytes were found in 14 of 15 recently diagnosed but in only 7 of 28 long-standing insulin-dependent diabetics. 9 of the recently diagnosed patients retested 6 months later still had high levels of activated T lymphocytes. Even long-standing insulin-dependent diabetics had significantly higher levels of activated T lymphocytes than non-insulin-dependent diabetics and healthy controls. 5 of 7 unaffected co-twins of recently diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetics had high levels of activated T cells; this increase persisted in 2 retested 6 months later, when mildly impaired glucose tolerance had developed. These results confirm that there is an active cellular immune reaction in newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetics which may precede the disease and persist for at least 6 months after its appearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Histological evidence of hepatitis-B-virus infection with negative serology in children with acute leukaemia who develop chronic liver disease.

A high percentage of patients with acute leukaemia in established remission develop chronic liver disease: how important hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) infection is as an aetiological factor is not clear. The presence of HBV markers in liver and serum of 23 leukaemic children with liver disease was investigated at the time of a diagnostic biopsy just before treatment withdrawal. Although, at this time, none had HBV antigens or antibodies in the serum by radioimmunoassay, HBsAg was detected by direct immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in 13 children, 7 of whom also had hepatitis-B core or e antigens in hepatocyte nuclei. This pattern of both cytoplasmic and nuclear fluorescence was present in 4 of 6 patients with the histological features of chronic active hepatitis on liver biopsy. The failure of release of viral antigens into serum and the absence of an adequate immune response were probably due to the intense chemotherapy used to induce and maintain remission, since HBV markers appeared in the serum within 15 months of stopping treatment in 8 of the children in whom viral antigens had been detected in liver tissue but in none of those whose biopsy specimens were negative by immunofluorescence. These results suggest that HBV infection may be an important cause of chronic liver disease in children with leukaemia and show that during treatment serological tests may fail to detect the presence of the virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Modified Makari skin test in follow-up of bladder-cancer patients.

123 patients who had been treated for carcinoma of the bladder and who were clinically recurrence-free at the time of their initial Makari skin test are being followed-up; 77 were negative and 46 positive. 48 of these patients have been followed-up so far, for 3-9 months, with cystoscopic review and repeat Makari testing; 75 have still to be followed-up. The high initial positive rate of 37% has been largely explained by the discovery of a recurrent tumour at the first cystoscopy after the test. The concordance between tumour status and repeat Makari testing indicates its ability to detect early recurrence.

Cystoscopy↗