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Biomedical subjects

D Eccleston

Publications and source records attributed to D Eccleston.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Metformin prolongs the postprandial fall in plasma ghrelin concentrations in type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Weight loss is difficult to achieve in type 2 diabetes and many therapies are associated with weight gain, an effect attenuated by metformin. We studied the effects of metformin on energy expenditure, appetite and the regulation of PYY and ghrelin in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Plasma peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin, resting metabolic rate (RMR), postprandial thermogenesis (PPTG), and appetite ratings were measured at baseline and following a mixed meal in 11 type 2 diabetic subjects treated with diet alone (T2D) and 10 treated with metformin monotherapy (T2MF). The groups were similar in age, gender and adiposity. RESULTS: There were no differences in baseline anthropometric, or metabolic variables between the groups. Postprandially, plasma ghrelin fell equally in both groups (23% versus 24.5%, p < 0.05 versus baseline, p = NS between groups) but were reduced for longer in T2MF (below baseline 60-240 min T2MF versus 60-180 min T2D) coincidentally with a prolonged sensation of fullness and suppression of hunger in the metformin-treated group. There were no differences in PYY concentrations, RMR or PPTG. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin prolongs the postprandial fall in ghrelin concentrations. These effects may prolong the inter-meal interval, thereby decreasing snack intake and daily energy intake, promoting weight loss.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The foundation and launch of the Melbourne Interventional Group: a collaborative interventional cardiology project.

The Melbourne Interventional Group (MIG) is a voluntary collaborative venture of interventional cardiologists practicing at 12 major public and private hospitals in Victoria, designed to record data pertaining to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and perform long-term follow-up. The potential advantages of collaboration involve large-scale analysis of current interventional strategies (e.g. drug-eluting stents, evaluation of new technologies and cost-effective analysis), provide a basis for multi-centred clinical trials and allow comparison of clinical outcomes with cardiac surgery. The established registry documents demographic, clinical and procedural characteristics of consecutive patients undergoing PCI and permits analysis of those characteristics at 30 days and 12 months. The registry is co-ordinated by the Centre of Clinical Research Excellence (CCRE), a research body within the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Monash University, Melbourne). The eventual goal of MIG is to provide a contemporary appraisal of Australian interventional cardiology practice, with opportunities to improve in-hospital and long-term outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2001

Impact of early percutaneous coronary intervention on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction.

This study assesses the impact of early percutaneous coronary intervention in patients presenting with cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. Predictors of in-hospital death include the need for intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and angiographic failure; long-term outcomes at 2 years in hospital survivors are favorable.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Raised levels of plasma interleukin-1beta in major and postviral depression.

OBJECTIVE: Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is released as part of the acute phase immune response and can directly stimulate the release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone and thus induce hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis hyperactivity. Major depression has been shown to be accompanied by both an acute phase immune response, including raised IL-1beta production and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis hyperactivity. In this study the possible role of IL-1beta in major depression and postviral depression was investigated. METHOD: Plasma IL-1beta levels were measured in four groups; patients suffering from postviral depression (n= 17), patients with major depression (n = 20), subjects who were postviral and euthymic (n= 12) and normal controls (n = 20). RESULTS: IL-1beta serum concentrations were significantly elevated in both groups of depressed patients compared to controls. The serum concentrations of IL-1beta were higher in the postviral group than in the major depression group; this difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: These data confirm previous suggestions of elevated IL-1beta levels in major depression and postviral depression. IL-1beta is known to induce depressive symptoms as well as sickness behaviour and may contribute to the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis hyperactivity found in mood disorders.

Major Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed2001

Cerebral white matter lesions in bipolar affective disorder: relationship to outcome.

BACKGROUND: Twenty per cent of patients with bipolar affective disorder suffer an illness that responds inadequately to treatment and has a poor outcome. Many patients, but not all, with bipolar disorder show white matter abnormalities on T(2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). AIMS: To explore the hypothesis that white matter abnormalities on MRI are seen more frequently in subjects whose illness has a poor outcome compared with those with a good outcome or controls. METHOD: Two groups of age- and gender-matched patients with bipolar disorder (14 with a good outcome and 15 with a poor outcome) and 15 controls, aged 20-65 years, were studied. Axial T(2)-weighted MRI scans were examined for the presence and severity of white matter abnormalities. RESULTS: Significantly more poor outcome group members had deep subcortical punctate, but not periventricular, white matter hyperintensities than the good outcome group (P:=0.035) or controls (P:=0.003) and these abnormalities were of greater severity (P:=0.030 and P:<0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Subcortical white matter lesions are associated with poor outcome bipolar disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Platelet intracellular calcium in patients with recurrent affective disorders.

Forty-four subjects with a history of a major recurrent affective disorder in remission and who were either on no medication or taking a single dose of psychotropic medication were conscripted together with matched controls. The fluorescent indicator fura 2 was used to measure intracellular calcium in platelets and estimations were made of total serum and ionised calcium as well as of whole blood serotonin. Intracellular calcium was measured in the resting state as well as after stimulation with thrombin, platelet activating factor and serotonin. No significant differences were found between the 17 subjects with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or the 27 subjects with recurrent unipolar depression and their matched controls. Intracellular calcium measures were significantly higher in the lithium treated group after stimulation with 5HT, whereas the subjects taking tricyclic antidepressants did not differ significantly from their controls on any measure. Serum calcium was found to be significantly higher in those subjects taking lithium. These findings suggest that the measurement of intracellular calcium is not a useful trait marker in affective disorders. Lithium appears to enhance the 5HT induced rise of intracellular calcium.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Patterns of treatment resistance in bipolar affective disorder.

The mean index episode length in 19 consecutive admissions with treatment-resistant bipolar affective disorder was 21.7 months. Four patterns of resistance were identified: rapid cycling (37%), other forms of cycling (32%), chronic depression (26%) and mixed states (6%). Female gender was significantly associated with rapid cycling. Other risk factors for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder, including a high prevalence of family history of affective disorder (72%) and electroencephalographic abnormalities (54% of recordings), were not confined to the rapid cycling group.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of O-acetylated sialomucin in the normal and diseased gastrointestinal tract shown by a new monoclonal antibody.

AIMS: To produce and characterise a monoclonal antibody specific for O-acetylated sialomucin and to assess its use in immunohistochemistry on a panel of normal and diseased intestinal tissue samples. METHODS: Mouse monoclonal antibodies were developed following immunisation with highly purified human colonic mucin. One of these (MMM-17) showed strong binding to mucin throughout the normal colon with relative lack of binding to colon cancer tissue. The binding epitope of MMM-17 was then characterised by screening for agglutination activity against a panel of human and animal erythrocytes and by assessment of its binding to a range of normal and chemically treated slot blotted mucins. Further immunohistochemical studies were then performed on formalin fixed, normal, and diseased human intestinal samples. RESULTS: Binding of MMM-17 to slot blotted human colonic mucin was reduced by 38 (SD 14%) (n = 4) by alkali treatment of the mucin, sequential alkali and sialidase treatment completely abolished binding. Sialidase treatment alone, however, caused only an 11 (11%) reduction in binding. MMM-17 failed to agglutinate any human, rabbit, rat or mouse erythrocytes. These findings were compatible with specificity of MMM-17 for sialomucins O-acetylated at the C-7 or C-8 positions on the sialic acid. Strong staining by MMM-17 was found in all goblet cells throughout all 40 normal colonic and rectal samples studied, but staining was absent in seven of 13 colorectal carcinomas. Normal duodenum (n = 16) and normal ileum (n = 3) all showed occasional positive goblet cells. The normal gastric antral mucosa was generally negative B MMM-17, but in all of 15 cases of gastritis with intestinal metaplasia the metaplastic glands were strongly positive for MMM-17. CONCLUSION: Monoclonal antibody MMM-17 has specificity for O-acetylated sialomucins and its binding depends both on the position of O-acetylation and on the adjacent oligosaccharide structure. Preliminary studies using the antibody on archival tissue samples support the previous reports of reduced O-acetylation in colon cancer demonstrated by indirect histochemistry and show the neo-formation of O-acetylated sialomucin in intestinal metaplasia in the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A new enzyme-linked lectin/mucin antibody sandwich assay (CAM 17.1/WGA) assessed in combination with CA 19-9 and peanut lectin binding assay for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Mucus glycoproteins are often present in the sera of patients with pancreatic cancer, and their detection and quantification can be used in serologic diagnosis. METHODS: A novel enzyme-linked "sandwich" assay (CAM 17.1/WGA) has been developed in which a lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), is bound to the solid phase to capture serum glycoproteins, and after addition of test sera, a monoclonal antimucin antibody (CAM 17.1) and peroxidase-tagged second antibody are used as a detection system. RESULTS: The test has been applied to sera from 79 patients with pancreatic cancer and 120 controls. The CAM 17.1/WGA assay alone had a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 76% in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Combination of the CAM 17.1/WGA test with a previously described peanut lectin binding assay (PNA/ELLA) provided a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 70%, whereas combination of the CAM 17.1/WGA assay with the CA 19-9 radioimmunoassay had a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 76%. Combination of all three tests had a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 66%. In nonjaundiced patients, the combination of CAM 17.1/WGA and PNA/ELLA had a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 79% in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This new test adds significantly to the armamentarium of serologic tests for pancreatic cancer. These tests are particularly effective when used in combination to detect different mucin-borne carbohydrate antigens. They deserve more widespread use, particularly in examining nonjaundiced patients with unexplained abdominal pain or weight loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Can we predict the persistence of depression?

Fifty-five patients with primary major depression were followed up prospectively from time of onset of the index illness episode until recovery. The course of depression in hospital-treated patients was protracted, with a median length of episode of one year. Two factors significantly predicted persistence of symptoms: interval between onset and receipt of treatment, and premorbid neuroticism, which accounted for 55% of the variance in length of episode.

Adult↗