PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to D Edwards.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Concentrations of atracurium and laudanosine in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma during intracranial surgery.

Concentrations of atracurium and laudanosine in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were assayed in nine patients receiving atracurium infusions of 111-251 min duration to maintain neuromuscular block during intracranial surgery. The total dose of atracurium was 1.57-2.60 mg kg-1 and the plasma concentration of atracurium was 1.27-5.44 micrograms ml-1. Concentrations of laudanosine in CSF and plasma increased during the infusion period, and after 125-140 min reached means of 202.5 ng ml-1 and 1448.7 ng ml-1, respectively. The highest recorded concentration of laudanosine in CSF was 570 ng ml-1, in one of two CSF samples found to contain atracurium. After operation, two patients had fits, but these were not thought to be related to laudanosine. It is concluded that during infusion of atracurium, laudanosine accumulates in both plasma and CSF.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Atracurium overdose in a small infant.

An error in setting a syringe driver caused a 2.75 kg infant to receive 37 mg atracurium over 75 minutes. Clinically full recovery of muscle power had returned spontaneously 135 minutes after the infusion was stopped. The child suffered no ill effects. Assay of blood and urine for atracurium and laudanosine confirmed rapid clearance of the drug.

Atracurium↗
PubMed1989

Mechanism of hypoxic injury to pulmonary artery endothelial cell plasma membranes.

We exposed monolayer cultures of pulmonary artery endothelial cells or plasma membranes derived from these cells to hypoxic (0 and 5% O2) and normoxic (20% O2; control) conditions and measured cellular contents of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, plasma membrane fluidity and lipid composition, and plasma membrane-dependent transport of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Hypoxia caused significant increases in malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, in fluidity, and in 5-HT transport. Hypoxia also caused a significant decrease in plasma membrane total phospholipids and a marked increase in plasma membrane free fatty acids that appeared to be due to release of fatty acids from the plasma membrane phospholipids. The increases in fluidity and 5-HT transport and the alterations in fatty acids were reversible after return to control conditions. These results indicate that hypoxia alters the physical state, lipid composition, and function of endothelial cell plasma membranes by a combination of stimulation of membrane lipid peroxidation and accelerated degradation of membrane phospholipids, the latter probably secondary to activation of membrane phospholipases.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1989

An air photo analysis of an airplane crash.

Crash patterns-such as cut and damaged vegetation, gouges, debris scatter, burn areas, etc.,-and their spatial relations can be very effectively evaluated by the analysis of stereo aerial photographs. Results from the Canadian Aviation Safety Board's use of aerial photography in the Gander, Nfld., crash of Dec. 12, 1985, show that the technique can lend direct support to an investigation in several ways. It provides an overall perspective view of the regional relations of the crash patterns. It helps direct ground activities. In three-covered areas, it can help establish aircraft attitude and orientation. When combined with debris plots and attitude determinations, it can help establish the breakup sequence. And, when coupled to photogrammetric procedures, it can assign dimensional values to attitude, descent path, areas, lengths, etc.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1988

Ergometrine--a partial agonist at 5-HT receptors in the uterus isolated from the oestrogen-primed rat.

The mechanism of action of ergometrine has been studied in isolated uterus from the oestrogen-primed non-pregnant rat. Ergometrine (30 nM-1 microM) induced spasm and was antagonised selectively by methysergide and ICI 169,369, a proposed competitive antagonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2) receptors. The pA2 values of ICI 169,369 against 5-HT and ergometrine were not significantly different. Ergometrine (0.1-10 microM) was also a selective antagonist of 5-HT with no effect against acetylcholine or potassium chloride. It is suggested that ergometrine is a partial agonist involving 5-HT receptors in rat uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Chlamydia screening.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1988

Ethinyl oestradiol and D-norgestrel is an effective emergency postcoital contraceptive: a report of its use in 1,200 patients in a family planning clinic.

We describe a prospective study of 1,200 patients using the Yuzpe regimen of hormonal postcoital contraception. There was an 85% follow-up rate, and of the 1,015 patients followed there were 13 pregnancies, giving a pregnancy rate of 1.3%. The number of expected pregnancies at mid-cycle was reduced by 83%; 12 of the 13 pregnancies went on to abortion. The patients were young: 86% were under 25, and 10% were under 15. The most frequent reason for presentation was that no contraception had been used (57%). All patients received an antiemetic; 57% experienced no side-effects, 28% had some nausea and 9.6% some vomiting. It is concluded that this is a safe form of emergency contraception, which is an effective way of reducing the number of unwanted pregnancies, especially in the very young.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Computed tomography of the brain, chest, and abdomen in the preoperative assessment of non-small cell lung cancer.

The benefit to be gained from carrying out computed tomography of brain and abdomen in addition to the chest has been evaluated retrospectively in 114 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer who, on the basis of history, clinical examination, chest radiography, and bronchoscopy had been considered potentially operable. Computed tomography of the chest showed potentially inoperable tumour in 37 patients, of whom 25 had tumour confined to the chest. Three patients were shown to have malignant disease within the mediastinum and abdomen; five within the mediastinum and brain; and four within the mediastinum, abdomen, and brain. Computed tomography of the abdomen disclosed deposits in nine patients, but in only two were the abnormalities restricted to the abdomen. Computed tomography of the brain showed metastases in 10 patients, of whom only one had metastatic disease confined to the brain. Thus three patients had isolated deposits in the abdomen and brain. In 12 patients the identification of metastases in the abdomen and brain removed the need for mediastinoscopy. Preoperative computed tomography of the abdomen and brain detected occult metastases in 15 patients (13%) in this study. In three patients the extrathoracic abnormality proved the only contraindication to surgery, but in the other 12 it provided valuable corroborative evidence of incurability and facilitated the assessment of the mediastinal abnormality.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Metabolic predictors of carbon monoxide poisoning.

In a retrospective study of 54 carbon monoxide (CO) levels greater than 10%, we looked for correlations with glucose, electrolytes and anion gap. Electrolytes and anion gap were not found to be significant. We did find, however, that 8 out of the 12 CO levels greater than 25 had glucose values greater than 110. We, therefore, conclude that if a patient presents with the appropriate history or signs of vague CNS symptoms and an increased blood glucose, a measurement of CO should be considered.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

Increased incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and human papillomavirus infection at a family planning clinic.

A five-fold increase in the incidence of histologically-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) was observed for patients attending the Christchurch family planning clinic in 1985 compared with the preceding three years. There were 51 new cases in 1985 and a yearly average of 9.3 between 1982 and 1984. There was an increase also in cervical smears showing evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The time interval between the last normal smear and the diagnosis of CIN3 was short, averaging 2.3 years. CIN3 patients were young (average 28.9 years); they had a high average number of sexual partners (10.1). These findings support the theory of a sexually transmitted precursor to the development of CIN3. The 1985 surge in CIN3 may reflect an increased prevalence of this oncogenic agent. The aim of screening is to prevent invasive cervical carcinoma. Annual smears should therefore be considered for young sexually-active women in view of the short time interval between normal smears and the development of CIN3.

Adolescent↗