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Biomedical subjects

D Ellis

Publications and source records attributed to D Ellis.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Parasexual crosses and hybrid selection with a near haploid variant of the epithelioma papulosum cyprini, cell line EPC: a tissue culture model for the analyses of dominance, recessiveness, and complementation of mutant phenotypes.

We describe techniques for insertional mutagenesis of tissue-cultured piscine cells in which we use transfection with G418 and hygromycin B resistance-conferring plasmids, cell matings by electrofusion, and positive selections of fusion hybrids by dual challenge with the antibiotics G418 and hygromycin B. These techniques are designed to facilitate genetic and molecular analyses of tissue-cultured cells. The experiments were conducted with EPC-1, a new variant of the carp epithelioma cyprini cell line. EPC, with a near haploid number of chromosomes, EPC-1 retains cell morphology and growth characteristics of EPC, including anchorage independence, but shows a higher degree of contact inhibition. The number of metaphase chromosomes of EPC-1 is 53, as opposed to 96 reported for EPC.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cervicography.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1993

In vitro studies to investigate the reasons for the low potency of cholestyramine and colestipol.

The association rates, dissociation rates, and equilibrium binding of bile acids with cholestyramine and colestipol were measured under physiological conditions with the most abundant bile acids found in humans. Cholestyramine and colestipol equilibrated with the bile acids (5 mM) within 1 h and they bound > 58% and > 17% of the bile acid, respectively, when at equilibrium with physiological concentrations of bile acid (4.3-10.1 mM). However, the conjugated trihydroxy bile acids taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid dissociated rapidly from both cholestyramine and colestipol when the sequestrants, preloaded with the bile acid, were washed with the Krebs-Henseleit buffer. The taurine-conjugated and dihydroxy bile acids dissociated more slowly from cholestyramine and colestipol than the glycine-conjugated and trihydroxy bile acids and, therefore, would be expected to avoid reabsorption to a greater extent by the terminal ileum and colon in vivo. We predict from these results that the reasons for the low potency of cholestyramine and colestipol are that they bind a relatively small proportion of the trihydroxy bile acids in the duodenum and jejunum and that all of the bile acids dissociate to varying extents from the sequestrants in the terminal ileum where the unbound bile acids are reabsorbed by the gut.

Bile↗
PubMed1993

Acute noncrescentic poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis presenting with pulmonary hemorrhage.

We report a child with acute poststreptococcal noncrescentic glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. This patient demonstrates that: (1) poststreptococcal noncrescentic glomerulonephritis in children can be associated with pulmonary hemorrhage, (2) an expeditious renal biopsy in patients with acute or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage can establish an early diagnosis and provide timely guidance for treatment, and (3) although not proven by controlled studies, the intravenous administration of methylprednisolone in our patient may have been effective in the treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile infants.

Urinary tract infection (UTI), a relatively common cause of fever in infancy, usually consists of pyelonephritis and may cause permanent renal damage. This study assessed (1) the prevalence of UTI in febrile infants (temperature > or = 38.3 degrees C) with differing demographic and clinical characteristics and (2) the usefulness of urinalysis in diagnosing UTI. We diagnosed UTI in 50 (5.3%) of 945 febrile infants if we found > or = 10,000 colony-forming units of a single pathogen per milliliter in a urine specimen obtained by catheterization. Prevalences were similar in (1) infants aged < or = 2 months undergoing examination for sepsis (4.6%), (2) infants aged > 2 months in whom UTI was suspected, usually because no source of fever was apparent (5.9%), and (3) infants with no suspected UTI, most of whom had other illnesses (5.1%). Female and white infants had significantly more UTIs, respectively, than male and black infants. In all, 17% of white female infants with temperature > or = 39 degrees C had UTI, significantly more (p < 0.05) than any other grouping of infants by sex, race, and temperature. Febrile infants with no apparent source of fever were twice as likely to have UTI (7.5%) as those with a possible source of fever such as otitis media (3.5%) (p = 0.02). Only 1 (1.6%) of 62 subjects with an unequivocal source of fever, such as meningitis, had UTI. As indicators of UTI, pyuria and bacteriuria had sensitivities of 54% and 86% and specificities of 96% and 63%, respectively. In infants with fever, clinicians should consider UTI a potential source and consider a urine culture as part of the diagnostic evaluation.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

A nursing model in action: the University of British Columbia experience.

At the University of British Columbia (UBC) School of Nursing, a model building challenge in the early 1970s launched 2 decades of model development and application projects. In this paper, selected creative applications will illustrate the utility of a nursing model beyond its explicit direction for clinical practice decision-making. The UBC Model for Nursing had been applied as a basis for curriculum development and teaching strategies in a baccalaureate programme as well as a foundation for nursing administrative decisions in a variety of clinical agencies.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1993

Localization of MGSA/GRO protein in cutaneous lesions.

Melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA/GRO), a cytokine originally characterized as an autocrine growth factor for melanoma cells, is highly chemotactic for neutrophils and releases neutrophil elastase as well as other matrix-degrading enzymes. Previous work has demonstrated the presence of MGSA/GRO in melanocytic lesions and in the epidermal keratinocytes of non-lesional skin and psoriatic scale. Herein, MGSA/GRO localization was examined in a variety of human skin lesions exhibiting proliferative and/or differentiative disorders using immunohistochemical methods. Most lesions showed greater MGSA/GRO immunoreactivity in the more differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum than in the stratum basalis, where the dividing basal cells are found. Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands were also frequently positive for MGSA/GRO. The highest level of immunoreactive MGSA/GRO in diseased epidermis was detected in verruca vulgaris, followed by psoriasis, keratoacanthoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Detection of MGSA/GRO in basal cell carcinoma was variable, being present in the sclerosing variant and absent in the more common nodular variant. Melanocytic lesions stained less intensely for MGSA/GRO than keratinocytic lesions, where the levels of MGSA/GRO expression correlated with the inflammatory response and degree of keratinocyte differentiation.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Predictors of microalbuminuria in individuals with IDDM. Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between microalbuminuria and the development of overt diabetic nephrology, elevated blood pressure, and a more atherogenic lipid profile; and to identify risk factors for the development of microalbuminuria in individuals with IDDM. Microalbuminuria has been associated with the subsequent development of overt diabetic nephropathy in individuals with IDDM. It is associated with elevated blood pressure and a more atherogenic lipid profile, but the temporal relationship between the development of microalbuminuria and the changes in these factors is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Baseline characteristics were examined in 256 individuals with IDDM who had normal albumin excretion (urinary AER < or = 20 micrograms/min in > or = 2 timed urine collections) and were re-examined 2 yr later. RESULTS: At follow-up, 24 had developed microalbuminuria (AER 20-200 micrograms/min in > or = 2 timed urine collections) and 1 had developed overt nephropathy (AER > 200 micrograms/min). Overall, the significant independent predictors of microalbuminuria were HbA1 (P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (P < 0.01), duration of IDDM (P < 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.05). Sex-specific analyses showed HbA1, age, and baseline AER were particularly important for men; whereas, for women, the main predictors were duration of IDDM and triglycerides. Duration-specific analyses showed that HbA1 was an important predictor both for individuals with < and > 20-yr duration. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was more important for subjects with shorter durations; whereas triglycerides were important for those with longer durations. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that glycemic control, age or duration of IDDM, disturbed lipids, and possibly elevated blood pressure all may contribute to the development of microalbuminuria; and, further, that the adverse cardiovascular risk profile seen in individuals with overt nephropathy may begin to develop even before the detection of microalbuminuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pilot trial of FK 506 in the management of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

Seven patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome were treated with FK 506 monotherapy. Four patients were children with focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis (FSGS). Three of these had evidence for chronic progressive renal disease consisting of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy on pretreatment renal biopsies. Two patients had also failed cyclosporin A (CsA), two cyclophosphamide, and one chlorambucil prior to treatment with FK 506. Three patients were adults with mesangial proliferative, membranoproliferative, and membranous glomerulonephritis. Three patterns of response were noted: (1) a reduction in proteinuria to normal levels; (2) partial response (50% reduction) or; (3) no improvement. All patients except one experienced at least a 50% reduction in protein excretion at some time during FK 506 therapy. Two of the children and one adult reduced protein excretion to essentially normal values. One patient had no sustained reduction in protein excretion and is considered to be a treatment failure, although her protein excretion was approximately 50% of pretreatment values intermittently. The drug was generally well tolerated. The most common side-effect was nephrotoxicity, which was reversible. These encouraging results suggest that FK 506 monotherapy may be effective in controlling the proteinuria of some patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. The use of this drug may extend our understanding of the role of T lymphocytes and cytokines in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. Further study of this agent in a larger population of patients is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Band-aids to patch up health care.

The President and his Democratic rivals unfurl plans for curing the crisis. But all of them have drawbacks, and none is likely to be adopted in the fury of an election year.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1992

The ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Environmental isolations have established that Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii serotype B appears to have a specific ecological association with Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The global distribution of the tree appears to correspond to the epidemiologic distribution of cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans var. gattii. The epidemiology of cryptococcosis can primarily be explained by exposure to an infective aerosolized inoculum, such as basidiospores released from specific host plants and/or desiccated blastoconidia (yeast cells) disseminated from accumulations of dried pigeon dung. The ecology of C. neoformans still remains largely unresolved, studies on the host-parasite interaction between serotype B and E. camaldulensis are still in progress, and extensive environmental searches are now underway to determine the natural habitats of serotypes A, C and D.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Interstitial deletions in DiGeorge syndrome detected with microclones from 22q11.

DiGeorge syndrome in humans is characterized by immunodeficiency, heart defects, mental retardation and facial dysmorphism; cytogenetic analysis has shown that deletions at 22q11 occur in approximately 25% of cases. To generate DNA markers from this region, we have microdissected and microcloned band q11 of human Chromosome (Chr) 22. Nineteen thousand clones were obtained from material dissected from 20 chromosome fragments. Seventeen of 61 clones analyzed (28%) were repetitive, 27 (44%) gave no signal, and 17 (28%) detected single copy sequences of which ten mapped to Chr 22. Two of these were found to be deleted in patients with DiGeorge syndrome and either monosomy for 22q11-pter or visible interstitial deletions of 22q11. These two markers are also hemizygous in patients with no visible chromosomal abnormality, demonstrating that submicroscopic deletions are common in DiGeorge syndrome patients.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1992

Recurrent renal vein thrombosis and renal failure associated with antithrombin-III deficiency.

This paper describes a healthy 13-year-old girl presenting with acute flank pain and anuria due to renal vein thrombosis. A similar spontaneous and unexplained thrombosis resulted in the loss of the contralateral kidney 1 year earlier. Urgent surgical thrombectomy and anticoagulation resulted in moderate recovery of renal function. Predisposition to venous thrombosis in this child was secondary to a marked familial deficiency of circulating antithrombin-III. An early diagnosis of this condition is essential for the formulation of preventive measures and may lead to specific therapeutic intervention at the onset of acute thrombotic complications.

Acute Kidney Injury↗