Summary of North American Hair Research Society (NAHRS)-sponsored Workshop on Cicatricial Alopecia, Duke University Medical Center, February 10 and 11, 2001.
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Alopecia↗
Biomedical subjects
D Elston
Publications and source records attributed to D Elston.
Pitfalls in patch testing.
Patch testing is an invaluable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of allergic contact dermatitis. While TrueTest has simplified the technique for many practitioners, there remains potential for error. We asked 4 experts to describe their approach to several dilemmas encountered in patch testing. Their responses will be helpful to both the veteran and tyro.
Bias↗
Interpretation of sham feeding data: curve-shift studies.
We explored the possibility that quantitative analysis of the relationship between sucrose concentration and sham intake differentiated how various treatments affected the intake of sweet solutions. Rats were sham fed sucrose solutions varying in concentration from 0.03125 to 1.5 M. Under different treatment conditions, intake concentration functions were generated that plotted amount sham fed against sucrose concentration. Sucrose concentration that yielded 50% maximal sham intake were calculated to indicate the position of the concentration-intake function on the x-axis. Quinine adulteration of sucrose solutions and injection of 0.5 mg/kg i.p. of the dopamine antagonist pimozide reduced sham intake and shifted the concentration-intake function to the right. Lithium chloride (60 mg/kg i.p.) injected 30 min before sham feeding, a reduction of food deprivation from 18 to 6 h before sham feeding, and 6 micrograms/kg cholecystokinin octapeptide reduced sham intake equivalent amounts but did not shift the concentration-intake functions along the x-axis. The data indicate that of several factors that reduce sham feeding, only some also shift the position of concentration-intake curves, and these curve shifts may identify intake changes mediated by alterations in the processing of the taste input.
Animals↗
Malignant melanoma arising in a blue nevus with features of pilar neurocristic hamartoma.
A 65-year-old man presented with a history of a giant blue plaque of the parietal scalp since childhood. Biopsy revealed a cellular blue nevus. The blue nevus was observed for 10 years and thought to be unchanged until a new adjacent lesion was noted. Biopsy of the new lesion revealed metastatic malignant melanoma. A wide excision was performed of the original lesion which revealed malignant melanoma arising in a blue nevus. Areas within the blue nevus were consistent with a pilar neurocristic hamartoma, whereas other areas were consistent with a common blue nevus. Subsequent satellite metastases developed, with early metastases resembling blue nevi except for the absence of a stromal component and the presence of hyperchromatic nuclei. Later metastases were typical of metastatic melanoma. This case illustrates the uncommon evolution of malignant melanoma from a blue nevus. The histological features and relationship between melanoma, blue nevus, and pilar neurocristic hamartoma are reviewed.
Aged↗
Angiotropic lymphoma: malignant angioendotheliomatosis.
Malignant angioendotheliomatosis is an angiotropic lymphoma that may present with clinical findings suggestive of thrombophlebitis or vasculitis. Examination of a biopsy specimen with special stains for leukocyte common antigen establishes the diagnosis. Although malignant angioendotheliomatosis is usually fatal, early treatment with chemotherapeutic agents is helpful. We review the characteristics and treatment of this uncommon disorder and present an illustrative case.
Aged↗
Food cravings in a college population.
A questionnaire was administered to over 1000 male and female college undergraduates to collect self-reports regarding food cravings (defined as an intense desire to eat a specific food). Ninety-seven per cent of woman and 68 per cent of men reported experiencing food cravings. Chocolate was the most frequently reported food craved, especially among women. The majority of subjects reported that they indulged their food cravings at least half the time. Females tended to respond with more negative affect to indulging their cravings than men. Only 32 per cent of women perceived that their cravings were linked to menstrual cycles. There was no tendency for an increase in food cravings with dietary restraint. The data provided a detailed description of perceptions regarding food cravings among college-age adults, but also underscored some of the limitations of self-report measures of food craving. In spite of these limitations, however, the results challenge several assumptions regarding food craving and highlight some promising avenues for future investigation.
Adult↗
The phenomenology of food cravings.
A craving for specific foods represents one of the most common and intense experiences surrounding eating. This paper explores the phenomenology of food craving by discussing the properties, origins and determinants of the craving state. The discussion includes consideration of the use of the craving concept in the drug literature and a review of the food craving literature. It is suggested that advances in the understanding of food cravings must address the problem of the definition and measurement of the craving state and proceed with recognition of the inadequacies of the ubiquitous assumption that cravings serve to identify and redress bodily needs.
Animals↗
Resolution of epidermolysis bullosa aquisita with resection of intraabdominal Crohn's disease.
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Adult↗