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Biomedical subjects

D Ernouf

Publications and source records attributed to D Ernouf.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Separation and identification of cannabis components by different planar chromatography techniques (TLC, AMD, OPLC).

The use of cannabis is illicit in numerous countries, and the increasing consumption has led to a multiplication of scientific studies. New methods of planar chromatography such as automated multiple development (AMD) and optimum performance laminar chromatography (OPLC) techniques can be used as a substitute for the traditional thin-layer chromatography for the identification and quantitation of the Indian hemp components. Each method offers its own advantage: high resolution with neither diffusion nor spot stretching for AMD and speed, efficiency, and the possibility of working in the semipreparative mode for OPLC.

Cannabis↗
PubMed2000

[The role of the pharmacist in the educational charge of the asthmatic patient].

The problem of educative charge of the asthmatic patient has mobilised general physicians, specialists and kinesitherapists for many years. The first mutual aid associations for asthmatic patients, created at the initiative of pneumologists and allergists or their patients date back for a score or so of years and their principal objectives are the adaption of educational measures, in transmission of clear information and in the loan of surveillance equipment, to ensure that inhalation equipment is adapted appropriately to the case. Since, the mediatisation has reinforced this action in all directions, in the interests of and for the great benefit of asthmatic patients; and so the role of the pharmacist has also become essential not only in the field of information but also in that of control of the self-evaluation of the patient; three inseparable aspects are thus emphasized: information aspect, technical aspect, initiation of surveillance of the illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Acute paraquat poisoning: increased toxicity in one case with high alcohol intake.

Human paraquat poisoning from accidental or intentional ingestion is very often fatal. According to the amount of paraquat involved, death can occur within hours or weeks following ingestion. The inefficacy of the various treatments undertaken have led to determine prognostic factors based upon the evolution of plasma and urine paraquat concentrations or of usual biochemical parameters. We report one case of acute poisoning which, although the ingested dose of paraquat was not massive (< 50 mg/kg-1) and the severity indices were in favour of a delayed fatal outcome, has ended in an early death. The high blood alcohol level of the patient (3.34 g l-1) seems to be the main cause of the precocity of this death (86th hour).

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1993

Platelets 3H 5-HT uptake in descendants from alcoholic patients: a potential risk factor for alcohol dependence?

We studied platelet 3H-serotonin uptake in 32 former alcoholics, withdrawn for from 1 month to 22 years, in their descendants (21.7 +/- 1.6 years old, n = 17; 10.9 +/- 0.7 years old; n = 19), and in respective control groups, paired in age and sex. All of the alcoholics presented high 3H-serotonin uptake (Vmax = 10.88 +/- 4.23 pmoles/10(8)pl/30 sec., vs. 0.93 +/- 0.15 pmole/10(8)pl/30 sec. Their descendants also showed high platelet serotonin uptake: 3.94 +/- 1.44 pmoles/10(8)pl/30 sec., vs. 0.93 +/- 0.15 pmoles/10(8)pl/30 sec. for adult descendants, and 5.99 +/- 2.23 vs. 0.84 +/- 0.15 pmole/10(8)pl/30 sec. for young descendants. All subjects were free of alcoholisation (biological parameters studied were blood ethanol concentration, gamma glutamyl transferase and mean corpuscular volume), and dependence of former alcoholics was evaluate by using, a posteriori, the CAGE test. In descendants, 28% of the subjects have Vmax values higher than the highest of the control group. Alcohol, in vitro, (54 mM) did not affect serotonin uptake in any group. These results indicate that in descendants of alcoholics, platelet serotonin uptake is altered, without modification of sensitivity to ethanol. The genetic basis of alcohol dependence could be linked with the platelet serotonin transport.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Serotonin in animal models of alcoholism.

Ethanol naive alcohol preferring rodents have low serotonin transmission. Both pharmacological, biochemical and behavioral studies show that increased serotonin transmission influence reduces ethanol consumption in animals. This paper develops the role of serotonin in different lines of ethanol preferring rats and mice, and shows a regulation of 5-HT1A receptors in alcoholised dependent mice. Different sensitivities to ethanol observed between ethanol-preferring and non-preferring rats or mice seems to be at the root of the maintenance of alcohol intake.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1992

Triptosine, an L-5-hydroxytryptophan derivative, reduces alcohol consumption in alcohol-preferring rats.

Triptosine is a new L-5-hydroxytryptophan derivative whose effect has been studied in the Long-Evans alcohol-preferring rat. At an oral dose of 100 mg/kg once daily, triptosine reduced alcohol consumption by 42% in the second week of treatment and increased that of water by 80%. The results suggest that this precursor of serotonin might play an important role in diminishing preference for alcohol and reaccustoming the animal to water, without exerting an anorexic effect.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1991

Ethanol intake and 3H-serotonin uptake. II: A study in alcoholic patients using platelets 3H-paroxetine binding.

The kinetic parameters of 3H-paroxetine binding and 3H-serotonin uptake were studied in platelets of alcoholic patients. There was no difference between alcoholic and non alcoholic subjects in 3H-paroxetine binding. When binding and 3H-serotonin uptake were studied, in the same plasma of the same subjects, the Vmax of serotonin uptake was increased in alcoholics. The data confirm the involvement of serotonin uptake system in alcohol dependence and suggest that serotonin uptake and paroxetine binding sites may be regulated independently in this pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Benzodiazepine receptors during various treatments of alcohol withdrawal].

Drugs most commonly used in the treatment of alcoholic withdrawal are antianxiety agents, namely benzodiazepines. Some similarities may be found between the mechanism of action of such active principles and that of alcohol at the GABAergic transmission level. In mice with physical dependence, in vivo binding of [3H]-RO 15-1788 to central benzodiazepine receptors increases during the initial period, but then tends to taper down to its basal value in the course of withdrawal. Neurochemical treatment with alpha-adrenergic drugs or with agents than can stimulate serotonergic transmission, as opposed to meprobamate therapy, promotes faster recovery of basal levels. In man, these data may be referred to decreased benzodiazepine consumption in the course of alcohol withdrawal. The results suggest that both noradrenergic and serotonergic treatments may be associated with significantly lower risks for newly induced benzodiazepine dependence.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Assay of plasma isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites after oral administration of immediate and delayed-action forms].

This paper describes a kinetic comparative study of plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and its mononitrate derivatives (2-ISMN or 5-ISMN) after oral administration of a sustained release form of ISDN or a (non) sustained release form of 5-ISMN. The blood extracts determinations were performed by electron capture gas chromatography which is an accurate and sensitive method suitable for the quantitation of concentrations in the nanogram per ml range. The results are in good agreement with those of the literature. The standard form of 5-ISMN is rapidly absorbed. The Tmax value is approximately 1H with a corresponding Cmax value close to 400 ng/ml. For the sustained release drugs, the Tmax increases to 6H and Cmax is nearly half the 5-ISMN standard form value. Considering the administered dose, it seems better to use 5-ISMN than ISDN. For a long lasting treatment of angina pectoris and ischaemic cardiac diseases, both forms can be used.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modification of breath sample alcohol level kinetics resulting from the association of citric acid and fructose].

UNLABELLED: To show the effect, before the ingestion of alcohol, of orally absorbing a concentrated aqueous solution of fructose and citric acid (SACF) upon the kinetics of breath sample alcohol levels (BSAL) in a young, healthy, male volunteer. METHODS: 14 volunteers consumed alcohol after an overnight fast in the form of whisky 0.49 g/kg body weight. The BSAL were determined between 0 and 150 minutes after ingestion of alcohol. For each volunteer two trials were carried out, one 5 minutes after the ingestion of 50 mL of water, and one 5 minutes after the ingestion of 50 mL of SCAF. The differents kinetics of the BSAL of the two trials were compared. RESULTS: each time the measurements of BSAL with SCAF was inferior to that without SACF (p < 0.002). The Cmax with SCAF was inferior (by about 35%) to that without SCAF (p < 0.001). The Tmax with SCAF was about twice that without SACF (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the speed of decrease in BSAL. CONCLUSION: for the level of consumption of alcohol tested the SCAF allows the rise in BSAL to be limited (and delayed). The article discusses the reasons for this action, essentially caused by a slowing down of gastric emptying resulting from the citric acid. The latter also allows, in this way, an increase in the effect of the first gastric passage of ethanol.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Alcohol and the serotonin system].

There is considerable evidence from animal and human studies that serotonin plays a role in the modulation of alcohol intake and/or alcohol dependence. Biochemical, behavioral and pharmacological studies both in animal and man had verified this hypothesis. Central and peripheral levels of serotonin and of its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) are modified by alcoholisation. Moreover, the use of pharmacological drugs modifying specifically serotonin transmission decreases ethanol intake. Our own studies suggest that a dysfunctioning of serotonin uptake system could be implicated in the individual risk of alcohol dependence. Even if other systems, e.g. amino acids, are involved in the regulation of alcohol behavior, all data are in favor of a modulation of alcohol intake by serotonin transmission.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of pediatric paracetamol poisoning (retrospective analysis of calls received by the Poison Control Center of Tours)].

The authors analysed 101 phone calls received in 3 years and 8 months at the Poison Control Center of Tours for paracetamol poisoning in children under 15 years of age. 70% of children were between 1 and 5 years old, 15% under 1 year and 15% over 5 years old. The kind of poisoning differ according to age: iatrogenic in 93% of cases under 1 year old (medication given by parents; error in dosage); accidental in 85% of cases between 1 and 5 years old and "willful" poisoning (43%) or accidental (36%) over 5 years old. The average quantity of ingested paracetamol was low (58mg/kg). The delay before phone call from an individual or a doctor was usually quite short. The neurologic or digestive signs were present in 12% of the children. The outcome was uneventful in all cases indicating that this form of poisoning is being in childrens.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Alcohol-drug interactions].

Interactions of alcohol with drugs are numerous, varied sometimes with an inverse effect according to acute or chronic consumption. These interactions result from kinetic or dynamic modifications. Considering pharmacokinetics, alcohol modifies the drug bioavailability, slows down (acute alcohol toxicity) or accelerates (chronic alcoholism) its metabolism. Then the pharmacological (or toxic) activity of drugs (or their metabolites) can increase or decrease. Pharmacodynamic modifications mostly occur during acute alcohol consumption. There is only an increase in drug (or metabolite) activity when this is similar to alcohol pharmacological or toxic activity. The result of these interactions is difficult to predict. Sedative drugs and drugs with a narrow therapeutic range are especially involved.

Drug Interactions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serum benzodiazepine research by the immunoenzymatic method in emergency toxicology: test interpretation aids].

The analyst in toxicology is daily confronted with blood benzodiazepine research. The sensitivity of the immunoenzyme technique initially designed for urine testing has been improved. Nevertheless some discrepancies persist between clinical and biological observation. This work based on kinetic characteristics of benzodiazepine and analytical sensitivity indicates drug quantities which should be ingested to have a positive test. These quantities are computed for a man and a woman of average weight of 70 kg and 50 kg and for a child weighing 13 kg (about three years old). They are then compared to quantities usually considered as toxic. Nevertheless, these values have to be adapted on a case to case basis. As a general observation, analytical sensitivities for benzodiazepine are variable but the immunoenzyme technique ensures a good covering of real toxic quantities of the drug. Flunitrazepam is the one which has the worst covering probability.

Adult↗