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Biomedical subjects

D Esparza

Publications and source records attributed to D Esparza.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Behavior of Streptococcus mutans under prolonged exposure to xylitol, without reculture].

Previous studies carried out in our laboratory showed that Streptococcus mutans--a cariogenic oral bacteria--did not metabolize an anticariogenic sugar alcohol, xylitol, even after a 10-month adaptative period with monthly transfers to a fresh medium. Due to the potential risk to adaptation observed in bacterias, it was studied the behavior of Streptococcus mutans (Strain 1161, Ingbritt) exposed to the polyol during 7 months, without monthly transfers to a new medium. After 7 months the cells were monthly transferred to a fresh medium for 7 more months. The cells were maintained and grown in a Trypticase-soytone-base medium without dextrose which contained xylitol (0.25 g/100 mL) or no sugar added. The control was represented by cells of Streptococcus mutans growing in Trypticase- soytone-base medium containing dextrose (0.25 g/100 mL). The growth pattern in the presence of xylitol was similar to that obtained in the cultures without sugar added, but it was 63-78% lower when compared with the control. The final pH in the cultures with xylitol was around 6.0; in the control it was very low (4.69 +/- 0.12). When the cells maintained in xylitol were transferred to the medium containing dextrose, the growth pattern was similar to that of the control. Any cultures fermented xylitol; the pH of the fermentation medium remained around 6.00 when the xylitol was present. No uptake of 14C-xylitol was observed and the activity of the enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase could not be detected with the experimental procedure used. The present study confirmed the Streptococcus mutans inability to metabolize xylitol, even after a prolonged adaptative period in the sugar alcohol. Moreover, it demonstrated that xylitol could be considered an inert substance to Streptococcus mutans since the cells were viable in the presence of the xylitol, or in the medium without sugar added.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1991

A comparative study among college students of sexual abuse in childhood.

A disproportionate random sample (200 women, 400 men) of students attending a major university was invited to participate in a mailed survey to study differences in self-efficacy, coping, and well-being between men and women who were sexually abused in childhood and those who were not. A total of 271 students (111 women, 160 men) responded by returning the completed survey. Fifty percent of the women and 22% of the men in the sample reported one or more unwanted sexual experiences in childhood. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) techniques to analyze differences in self-efficacy, coping (confrontive, emotive, palliative), and well-being between women and men who reported childhood sexual abuse and those who did not showed significant interaction effects by sex for abuse (F = 2.609, P = .025, df 5,263) and significant effects by sex (F = 3.356, P = .006), but no significant differences for abuse alone. Univariate F tests were significant (F = 5.386, P = .021) for palliative coping with abused men reporting the highest scores, abused and nonabused women having the highest scores on emotive coping (F = 9.049, P = .003), and nonabused men and women having highest scores on well-being (F = 7.276, P = .007). A second MANOVA was performed on data from 245 students (nonabused and those who reported contact sexual abuse). Significant interaction effects by sex for abuse (F = 2.259, P = 0.49, df 5,237) and main effects for abuse (F = 3.225, P = .008) were found. Although abused men scored lowest on well-being, both abused men and abused women scored higher on emotive coping and lower on well-being than nonabused subjects. These are new findings with implications for developing and testing nursing interventions for this vulnerable group of young adults.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Tooth loss in 1535 treated periodontal patients.

Of 1535 treated recall patients surveyed over an average time of 12.9 years since treatment was completed, 1371 had lost no teeth from periodontal disease. The total number of teeth lost was 444, with the average tooth loss for the 1535 patients being 0.29. In the three full arch splinted cases, the loss rate was 14.67 teeth per patient. Patients treated without any excisional or flap surgical procedures made up 26.5% of those surveyed, whereas 73.5% had required various surgical procedures. No attempt was made to compare different pocket therapy procedures. Although many patients developed recurrent periodontal problems during recall, only 15.9% of the 1535 patients required surgical retreatment. Teeth that were originally given a doubtful prognosis often were responsible for recurrent problems and sometimes required extraction.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal support and stress response in sexually abused girls ages 6-12.

The relationships between maternal support and stress response are examined in this study of sexually abused girls, ages 6-12. Study participants included 20 mother-daughter pairs in which the daughter had been sexually abused, and 50 mother-daughter pairs in which the daughter was not known to have been sexually abused. Both groups were convenience samples. When the variables that significantly differentiated between the two groups (abused, nonabused) were held constant, the relationship between maternal support both as perceived by the mothers (Pr = -.58, p < .02) and as perceived by the daughters (Pr = -.68, p < .003) and stress response (as perceived by the mothers) was significant in the abused group and was not significant in the nonabused group. No significant differences were found in the levels of maternal support and stress response between the two groups when controlling for other stressful life events. However, the abused group had significantly higher levels of stress response overall (F [1, 68] = 2774.56, p < .02) and had significantly more (one and a half times as many) stressful life events (M = 15.10, SD = 6.39) than the nonabused group (M = 10.55, SD = 6.39).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suicidality correlates in Mexican American teens.

This study was conducted to determine the relationships between suicidality and life stress, coping, depression, and family dysfunction in Mexican American teens. The research question was: What are the magnitude of the relationships between suicidality and life stress, coping, depression, and family dysfunction in Mexican American teenagers? The investigators discuss the findings of the study from the perspective of the Mexican American culture, followed by specific conclusions and recommendations drawn from the results of the study. In this article, the term teen is used interchangeably with the terms teenager, youth, and adolescent; suicidality is used interchangeably with suicide risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family interventions with "troubled" Mexican American teens: an extrapolation from a review of the literature.

This article discusses therapeutic guidelines for family interventions with troubled Mexican American (MA) teenagers based on reports informing on MA teens and MA families. The typical MA teenager does not exist, and little is known about the complex variations in this population. What is known about some groups of MA teens is alarming and significant enough to provide some direction for serving this population. Existing data regarding teen social class levels, school performance, substance abuse, pregnancy and parenthood, and suicide are presented. Because knowledge about MA families is essential to guide interventions with MA teens in distress, the known traditional MA family is described, and the troubles that confront some MA families today are included. Findings from family cohesion studies, including those not involving MA teens in particular, are summarized to lend support to the guidelines presented. Associations found between family cohesion and various physical and psychiatric problems are noted to support the importance of the concept of cohesion in working with troubled teenagers and their families.

Achievement↗