Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D F Chebotarev.
The topical aspects of geriatrics, which is believed to be an important part of clinical medicine, are overviewed. The age-specific features of therapeutic actions in elderly and senile patients are delineated. A special emphasis is given to the rehabilitation measures which are to be taken on a person's retirement, as well as to the significance of the motor activity and rational nutrition in the prevention of early aging.
Dealt with in detail are the factors which have determined the characteristics and peculiarities of medical and social care for the aged in the USSR. The forms of geriatric care, personnel training and delivery of social and domestic services to the aged are also presented. Facts are given about the state policy directed at improvement of well-being of the aged as well as at drawing these people into public life and preventing their "disadaptation". The importance of the UN- and WHO-sponsored international programs in this field is emphasized.
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The author underscores the importance of studying the physiology of the aging organism for understanding the genesis of the development of pathologic processes in the cardiovascular system inherent in elderly and old persons, the peculiarities of their clinical course, treatment and prophylaxis. The close ties linking gerontological and cardiological research are revealed in the article in describing certain clinical peculiarities of ischaemic heart disease and arterial hypertension in individuals who are 60 years and older. New data are presented on the genesis of arterial hypertension in elderly and old individuals and its connection with the peculiarities of the clinical course of the disease at this age.
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The growing interest to problems of geriatric cardiology the author associates with considerable demographic shifts (an increased proportion of th elderly people within the structure of the population); a clearer idea as to the part played by age-specific changes in an ageing organism in the development of the circulatory pathology; and with the need to take account of clinical peculiarities common to diseases involving the cardiovascular system in persons of advanced and senile age, of features specific for their therapy and prevention. The research trends along which geriatric cardiology develops are analyzed; basic data on age-specific changes and their relation with developing pathology of the cardiovascular system, obtained in animal experiments and observations of practically healthy subjects of advanced and senile age are discussed.
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Features peculiar to actual nutritional pattern (in family) of persons of advanced and old age in physiological ageing were studied. According to a fairly broad range of characteristics (cardio-vascular function, blood coagulation system, lipids metabolism parameters, body weight, general clinical diagnosis, etc.) their health status was determined. The alimentation of the examined is shown to be characterized by marked individual peculiarities. On the whole it conforms to the existing recommendations, although there is noted a certain deficiency of proteins, vitamins and mineral elements. Differences in the nutrition of males and females were established. The calorific value of the nutrition declines parallel with the increasing age. Its comparison with the health characteristics of the examined testifies to the presence of a close relationship between them. More favourable indices of the bioelectric activity of the heart, myocardial contractility, the trends in the lipids metabolism, body weight, the blood clotting activity were registered in persons with reduced calorific value of the alimentation.