Medical management of adrenal cortical disease.
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Adrenal Cortex↗
Biomedical subjects
D F Paulson
Publications and source records attributed to D F Paulson.
Heterotransplantation of a human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line in nude mice.
Nude mice of NIH/Swiss background were utilized for the heterotransplantation of a tissue culture cell line derived from a human prostate adenocarcinoma metastatic to the brain. These cells, which had been grown in vitro for 13 passages, formed solid tumors when injected s.c. into nude mice. The cell line DU 145 has been passaged 60 times in vitro over a period of 18 months. Tumors removed from the mice were serially transplanted to additional mice and reestablished in vitro. Light-microscopic analysis of the tumor grown in nude mice revealed a strong similarity to the patient's metastatic tumor. The ultrastructure of the tumor cells propagated in nude mice was compared to that of the original human tumor cells and to the tissue culture cells, both before and after passage in nude mouse. No major differences were detected. Karyotypic analysis of the tumor cells grown in vitro before mouse passage, grown in nude mouse, and grown in vitro after mouse passage indicated chromosomal identity and consistent marker chromosomes: three large acrocentric chromosomes and metacentric minute chromosomes.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Clomiphene citrate in the management of male hypofertility: predictors for treatment selection.
All males treated with long-term, low-dose clomiphene citrate retrospectively were categorized as having pregerminal, primary germinal, or postgerminal hypofertility and their response to treatment was observed. Among couples in which no female factor could be identified and the husband was categorized as demonstrating pregerminal hypofertility, a pregnancy rate of 42% was established after treatment.
Clomiphene↗
Scanning electron microscopy of hyperplastic and neoplastic human prostate.
Acinar cells of neoplastic prostate tissues are more heterogeneous in size and shape than benign hyperplastic cells when observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three types of acinar cells are recognizable by surface structure, cells with microvilli, cells without microvilli, and cells with membrane ruffles. The pitted cells previously seen in BPH tissues are probably artifactual. The identity of the crater cells is sitll in question.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Oncornavirus-like protein expression in human prostatic tissue.
A sensitive competition radioimmunoassay using 125 I-labelled p 30 interspecies antigen, antiserum specific to the interspecies antigen of the feline leukaemia virus, and aqueous tissue extracts from prostate was used to examine benign hyperplastic prostates for the presence of protein components able to complete with the interspecies viral antigens. Six of 20 prostatic nodular hyperplastic tissues were competitive in radioimmunoassay with the 125 I-labelled viral antigen for binding sites on the antiviral antibodies. These findings suggest the presence of oncornavirus-like proteins in prostatic nodular hyperplasia. No correlation could be made between the presence of competing protein and histological features of acute or chronic prostatitis and squamous metaplasia.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Reduction of folic acid-induced acute tubular injury by diuresis: an experimental model.
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Renal cystic disease.
Renal cystic disorders have long represented an area of diagnostic confusion. We have attempted to correlate renal microdissection findings with clinically established renal cystic disorders by examining each disorder in sequential fashion. The clinical presentation of a child with a multicystic kidney is followed by a review of the cystic diseases with emphasis on clinical presentation, distinguishing factors, course, and prognosis.
Adolescent↗
Bilateral renal carcinoma in von Hippel-Lindau Disease.
Von Hippel-Lindau disease, one of the phakomatoses, is believed to be a disorder of mesodermal differentiation. Renal lesions, usually cysts or adenocarcinomas with an occasional hemangioblastoma, occur in approximately two thirds of all patients. The renal neoplasms previously reported have been multiple, bilateral, and usually beyond resection. A thirty-eight-year-old white male with a cerebellar hemangioblastoma and bilateral renal adenocarcinoma underwent suboccipital craniotomy, right heminephrectomy, and left radical nephrectomy. No evidence of recurrent disease can be identified ten months postoperatively. An aggressive approach in this systemic disease appears to be warranted.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Serial carcinoembryonic antigen assays in patients with metastatic carcinoma of prostate being treated with chemotherapy.
Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays were conducted in patients with endocrine-unresponsive prostatic adenocarcinoma who were being treated with multidrug chemotherapy. Changes in CEA correlated with the clinical status of the patient in 70 per cent of the determinations and were more accurate than acid phosphatase in monitoring the response to treatment.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Clomiphene citrate in the management of male infertility.
There were 35 hypofertile men who underwent assay of serum follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones, and testosterone, and were placed in a trial program using clomiphene citrate in a 25-day cycle, with 5-day rest periods. Therapy has been maintained for up to 9 months with a projected termination of 12 months. No relationship could be established between serum follicle stimulating hormone and spermatozoal number in this population. The spermatozoal count improved in 31 men while they were on therapy and 8 pregnancies have occurred. Clomiphene citrate seems to be effective in improving the quanttity of spermatozoa and the spermatozoal motility in these hypofertile men.
Clomiphene↗
Antigenic activity of human urothelial tissue.
Partially purified extracts from 71 human urothelial tumors and from 75 human urothelial non-tumor tissues were used as competing antigens in competition radioimmunoassay in an effort to detect the presence of 1 of the structural components of type C-ribonucleic and viruses, the p30 core protein. Testing of the tissue extracts was carried out by homologous and heterologous assay systems using 125I-labeled murine (Friend) and feline (Rickard) p30 antigens and anti-feline and anti-murine p30 antisera. The homologous assays were designed to detect the presence of p30 antigens in the human tissue extracts having similar characteristics to the p30 antigens of either the feline or murine type C viruses. The heterologous assay system was designed to detect interspecies antigenic determinants common to murine and feline viruses and also primate viruses. A competing antigen present in 28 per cent of the tissue extracts assayed demonstrated an antigenic protein that competed with the viral p30 protein used in the heterologous radioimmunoassay system and to a lesser extent in the homologous feline radioimmunoassay system. Antigenic competitor proteins were found in tumor and non-tumor tissue. These data suggest that some human urothelial tissues contain at least part of the genome of 1 or more type C viruses. Those tissues that are positive only in the heterologous assay system behave like viral p30 antigens already identified in tissues of several other primates. Those tissues that are positive in the heterologous assay system and the homologous system indicate that the p30 antigenic activity is closely related to that p30 present in feline C-type viruses. Further purification and more detailed characterization of those competing proteins are now under study.
Antigens, Viral↗
Neoplasia of the colon: a late complication of ureterosigmoidostomy.
A case of carcinoma of the sigmoid colon arising 26 years after ureterosigmoidostomy for a benign condition is presented. This is the 31st reported instance of neoplasia complicating ureterosigmoid diversion. Possible etiologic mechanisms include surgical trauma, constant irritation of the transplanted ureter, alteration of local tissue dynamics, and urine carcinogenesis.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Acute tubular necrosis. An experimental model detailing the biochemical events accompanying renal injury and recovery.
Male Charles River mice, divided into control or experimental groups, received on Day 0 either sterile 0.3 MNaHCO3 in 0.9 per cent saline (pH7.4) intraperitoneal injection or pteroylglutamic acid (200 mug per body weight), similarly buffered to pH7.6, and were sacrificed on Days 0, 1/4, 1/2, 1,2,3,4,7, and 14. The experimental kidneys demonstrated intratubular deposits of pteroylglutamic acid with edema between Days 1 and 4 with cortical scarring by Day 14. The experimental kidneys reached maximal increases in weight (+90 per cent) on Day 2, RNA (+61 per cent, protein (+67 per cent) on Day 3, and DNA (+25 per cent) on Day 4 before falling to below control levels on Day 14. The control kidneys demonstrated the gradual incremental increases of normal renal growth throughout this period. No change in renal size, protein, RNA, or DNA could be detected in those animals who failed to demonstrate renal tubular damage. It is postulated that the response of the kidney to folic acid administration is a reparative response and not a response directed toward accelerated renal growth.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
In vitro cultivation of prostatic epithelium.
A tissue culture procedure for in vitro cultivation of human prostatic tissue that utilizes the enzyme collagenase to disrupt the prostate specimen is described. Collagenase effectively disperses the tissue stroma into single cells which are easily separated from the largely intact glandular structures. The isolated glandular fragments then are used to initiate monolayers of prostatic epithelium in vitro.
Cell Separation↗
A new look at bladder neck obstruction by the food and drug administration regulators: guide lines for investigation of benign prostatic hypertrophy.
A basic assumption of current guide lines to test drug therapy for benign prostatic hypertrophy is that the clinical disease is caused by bladder neck obstruction and its sequelae and complications. Asymptomatic non-prostatic hypertrophy, no matter how large the adenoma, is considered to be a pre-clinical phase of the disease as long as bladder trabeculation, impairment of the flow rate and residual urine are absent. The guide lines recognize that histological changes and gross anatomical enlargement of the prostate are the essence of the disease but objective signs of current therapeutic relief of symptoms lend themselves more practically to measurement of progression or remission, whereas no current drug has a clear enough effect on prostatic histology to predict subsidence of the clinical picture. Since no one criterion or single test serves this purpose a cluster of symptoms, with flow rate and residual urine, provides the hardest data. It would be preferable for each patient to serve as his own control in a prospective double-blind randomized study, since the literature shows no uniformity of approach, methodology, patient population or other useful data for clinical norms. Guide lines have been developed with the aid of clinical pharmacologists, biostatisticians, lawyers and government officials and approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Misconceptions outside of the profession of Urology need to be dispelled and further research in methodology, urodynamics, ultrasonic evaluation of the prostate, definition of symptoms, criteria for efficacy, etiology of the disease, and mode of action of drugs, placebo and surgery were highlighted. The literature does not have an overabundance of data but does contain evidence of definite but weak drug efficacy in the treatment of this condition.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Synaptonemal complex complement of man in spreads of spermatocytes, with details of the sex chromosome pair.
Human pachytene chromosome pairs have been characterized electron microscopically in spread preparations on the basis of synaptonemal complex length, kinetochore position and attached nucleoli when present. The X and Y chromosomes can be followed by their filamentous axial cores from partial synapsis, through precocious disjuction and end-to-end attachment, to differentiation of a network in the sex chromosome pair.
Cell Nucleolus↗
In vitro culture of epithelial cells derived from urogenital tissues.
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Cell Division↗
Hypothalamic and pituitary function in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism has been identified as a cause of partial or complete failure of puberty, may be familial and may have other associated abnormalities of hyposmia, intellectual retardation, perceptive deafness, color blindness, skeletal deformities, and gynecomastia. Pituitary function is usually normal with the primary defect believed to be hypothalamic. A twenty-year-old white male with a clinical diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia under-went complete endocrine evaluation with evaluation of the pituitary response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) release after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone did occur, but the response was less than that seen in normal controls. Evaluation demonstrated that the pituitary-gonadal axis was intact with the hypothalamic-pituitary axis being defective. Therapy with the synthetic decapeptide (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) is correct theoretically and may be superior to therapy with exogenous gonadotropins.
Adult↗