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Biomedical subjects

D Fedele

Publications and source records attributed to D Fedele.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Glycosylated serum proteins in diabetic patients and their relation to metabolic parameters.

Glycosylated plasma proteins (GSP) and some metabolic parameters (plasma glucose profile, urine glucose excretion, glycosylated hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides) were evaluated in 70 diabetic and 70 normal subjects. Of the late diabetic complications, retinopathy, nephropathy and somatic neuropathy were evaluated. Proliferative retinopathy was observed in 41 of the 70 diabetics studied. No retinopathy or background retinopathy was observed in 29 diabetics. Nephropathy was diagnosed in 39 patients and somatic neuropathy in 44 patients; 26 diabetic subjects had no complications. GSP levels were 0.82 +/- 0.03 nmolHMF/mg prot in diabetics and 0.43 +/- 0.02 nmolHMF/mg prot in controls. GSP levels were positively correlated with metabolic parameters evaluated the same day and 14 days before. A positive correlation between GSP and triglycerides was seen for the first time. The patients with retinopathy showed levels of GSP significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in respect to patients with background retinopathy or absence of it (0.91 +/- 0.03 vs 0.74 +/- 0.04 nmolHMF/mg prot). GSP were significantly higher in the patients with somatic neuropathy (0.93 +/- 0.02 nmolHMF/mg prot) (p less than 0.001) than in the subjects without neuropathy (0.72 +/- 0.04 nmolHMF/mg prot). GSP levels were 0.92 +/- 0.03 nmolHMF/mg prot in diabetics with proteinuria and 0.75 +/- 0.04 nmolHMF/mg prot in diabetics without proteinuria (p less than 0.001). These results confirm the importance of GSP determination as another parameter of glycemic control and particularly as an index of the overall protein glycosylation processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Is red cell sorbitol content a good marker of glycemic control in diabetic patients?

Red cell sorbitol (RCS) concentration and some metabolic parameters were evaluated in 62 diabetic patients. 42 normal subjects were studied as controls. RCS levels were 66.1 +/- 2.0 nmol/gHb in diabetic patients and 41.8 +/- 2.0 nmol/gHb in controls (p less than 0.001). RCS levels were positively correlated with all metabolic parameters evaluated in diabetic patients and in controls. To evaluate RCS distribution, diabetic subjects were subdivided in 3 groups according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (less than or equal to 150; 151-200; greater than 200 mg/dl) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) levels (less than or equal to 8; 8.1-10; greater than 10%). 31 patients with FPG less than or equal to 150 mg/dl, all except 7, had RCS levels in the normal range. These 7 patients however had GHb levels greater than 10%. 18 patients with FPG between 151-200 mg/dl had RCS levels in the normal range. Of 13 patients with FPG greater than 200 mg/dl all, except 3, had RCS levels above the normal range. These 3 patients had GHb levels greater than 10%. 45 patients with GHb less than or equal to 10% had RCS values in the normal range. 17 patients with GHb levels greater than 10%, had RCS levels over the normal range. Our data show that RCS levels seem to be related more strictly with GHb. RCS levels increase significantly only in patients with bad metabolic control. Even if RCS levels seem to be a medium-term index of metabolic "equilibrium" they cannot be useful in the routine monitoring of metabolic control in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influence of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment on diabetic somatic and autonomic neuropathy.

Near-normal plasma daily glucose profile was induced by Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) treatment in order to evaluate its influence on diabetic somatic and autonomic neuropathy. Twelve insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with somatic neuropathy were studied before and after a short term CSII treatment of 10 days. Four out of these subjects, all affected by autonomic neuropathy, were followed for 1 yr with controls every four months. Metabolic equilibrium was monitored by mean daily plasma glucose (MPDG) profile and by Glycosylated Hemoglobin (GHb) evaluation. Somatic neuropathy was studied assessing conduction velocity at peroneal motor (PMCV) nerve, ulnar motor (UMCV), ulnar sensory (USCV) and sural sensory (SSCV) nerves. Autonomic neuropathy was assessed by means of a battery of five cardiovascular autonomic tests: Valsalva Manoeuvre (VR), Deep Breathing (DB), Lying-to-Standing (LS), Sustained HandGrip (SHG) and Postural Hypotension (PH). Short-term CSII treatment induced a near normalization of metabolic parameters, a significant improvement in VR (p less than 0.05) and DB (p less than 0.01) values, but no changes in NCV. The prolongation of CSII treatment in 4 subjects induced a significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in VR, DB and LS values and in PMCV and UMCV after 4 months. This improvement did not increase with the longer CSII treatment (1 yr).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Impairment of cardiovascular autonomic reflexes in multiple symmetric lipomatosis.

Cardiovascular autonomic reflexes were evaluated in 13 male subjects affected by Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL) and the results were compared with those obtained in 13 age-matched male controls and in 16 male heavy drinkers matched with the MSL group for age and alcohol intake. Valsalva Manoeuvre (VR), Heart Rate variations on Deep Breathing (DB) and R-R intervals 30/15 ratio during Lying-to-Standing (LS) (tilting), were used as primarily parasympathetic tests. As primarily sympathetic tests, we assessed the increment of diastolic blood pressure in Sustained Handgrip (SHG) and the fall of systolic blood pressure on standing (Postural Hypotension = PH). Mean values of VR and DB were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in MSL subjects than in controls and heavy drinkers. Mean LS values were significantly lower in MSL subjects (P less than 0.001) and in heavy drinkers (P less than 0.01) in relation to controls. No significant differences were observed in the 3 groups of subjects regarding the mean values of PH and SHG. The results suggest that MSL is characterized by an impairment of autonomic function. This impairment seems to be prevalently parasympathetic and not related to a high alcohol intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Impaired auditory brainstem-evoked responses in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

Auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABR) were recorded from the scalp of 30 normoacoustic insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, aged between 15 and 41 yr (29 +/- 7 yr). Three different stimulus repetition rates (11, 37, and 87 cps) were used. The results were compared with those obtained from 20 age- and sex-matched, normoacoustic control subjects. In diabetic patients, metabolic control (mean daily plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin) and the presence of retinopathy, nephropathy, and somatic neuropathy were also investigated. The latencies (ms) of ABR waves were significantly impaired in diabetic subjects as compared with normals. Peripheral transmission time (wave I) and central transmission time (waves I-V) were also significantly delayed in diabetic subjects. Moreover, by increasing stimulus repetition rates, a significant increase in waves I-V shift was observed in diabetic patients. ABR impairment was not related to glucose balance, to the duration of diabetes, or to the presence of the diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and somatic neuropathy. In conclusion, diabetic neuropathy is characterized not only by somatic and autonomic nerve dysfunctions, but also by the early involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). ABR recording can represent a useful, noninvasive, simple procedure to detect both acoustic nerve and CNS damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

P.A.S. positive index of lymphocytes and metabolic control in insulin-treated and type II diabetes mellitus.

The relationship between metabolic control and glycogen lymphocyte content in diabetes mellitus, was studied. 30 insulin-treated and 30 type II diabetic subjects were evaluated with 40 age and sex matched normal controls. Glycaemic control was evaluated by a fasting and 2 h post-prandial plasma glucose and by glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb). Glycogen lymphocyte content was determined by calculation of the PAS-positive Index of the lymphocytes (PIL) according to Skrabalo. While fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose values were significantly higher in insulin-treated than in type II diabetes (p less than 0.001), no differences in GHb values were observed between the two groups (10.31 +/- 0.23% vs 9.80 +/- 0.36%). The mean PIL values were not different in these two groups (0.11 +/- 0.01 vs 0.12 +/- 0.02), but they were significantly higher when compared with control values (0.03 +/- 0.004, p less than 0.001), PIL was positively correlated with GHb in both insulin-treated (r = 0.76, p less than 0.001) and type II diabetes (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). A correlation between PIL and plasma glucose values was observed only in the insulin-treated group and was weaker (p less than 0.005). No correlation was observed between glycogen lymphocyte content and glucose tolerance in the control group. These data confirm that diabetes mellitus is characterized by a significant increase of PAS-positive lymphocyte content and that it correlates well with glycaemic control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Current role of sialography].

Computed tomography, ultrasonography and nuclear medicine are morphological techniques widely accepted in clinical practice. They are used together with plain film and sialography in the study of salivary glands pathology. In comparison with these techniques, the efficacy of sialography in different diseases is discussed and the diagnostic value of CT-sialography related to sialography alone is analyzed.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Hypolipemic glucagon activity in isolated liver of genetic or acquired hypertriglyceridemic rats.

The glucagon effect (150 microgram/3 hrs) on isolated oleate-perfused (1.67 microEq/min) liver has been determined both in fa/fa obese hyperlipemic Zucker and diet-induced hyperlipemic Sprague Dawley rats and in the respective lean strains. Glucagon exerted a normal hypotriglyceridemic effect in hyperlipemic as well as in non-hyperlipemic rats. The ketone body output and the triglyceride liver content were not significantly modified by glucagon. Our data suggest that there is a normal liver responsiveness to the hyolipidemic action of glucagon and, consequently, that there is no glucagon resistance in genetically or diet-induced hyperlipermic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Motor conduction velocity (MCV) in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetics with and without clinical peripheral neuropathy.

Motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) was determined in the external sciatic popliteus nerve in 83 subjects (46 males and 37 females), 33 with insulin-dependent and 50 with noninsulin-dependent diabetes, with or without clinical signs of diabetic neuropathy. Duration of known diabetes ranged from one month to 32 years. No difference was observed in MCV between insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetics. MCV was inversely correlated (p < 0,05) with age, but not with the duration of the disease or with metabolic control. Duration and metabolic control were related to the appearance of clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Altered control of growth hormone secretion in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

Ten male patients with cirrhosis of the liver (three with portacaval anastomosis [PCA]) and eight sex- and age-matched controls underwent an arginine infusion test followed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Plasma glucose and growth hormone (GH) levels were measured during a period of three hours. In the normal subjects, the peak GH response to arginine occurred 60 minutes after the start of the infusion and was followed by a progressive decline in GH concentration; dextrose injection resulted in a further rapid fall in GH concentration. In cirrhotic patients, both fasting and postarginine GH concentrations were significantly higher than in controls; in addition, the dextrose injection, after causing a transitory drop in plasma GH levels, resulted in a marked increase in plasma GH concentration. In the patients with PCA, the plasma GH increase after arginine and after dextrous was more marked. In these cirrhotic patients, the plasma GH levels correlated directly with the magnitude of the portal hypertension and inversely with the serum albumin concentration, suggesting that the abnormality of GH secretion was a reflection of the derangement in liver function.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Suppression and stimulation mechanisms controlling glucagon secretion in a case of islet-cell tumor producing glucagon, insulin, and gastrin.

The mechanisms controlling secretion of glucagon and other pancreatic hormones were studied in a patient affected with multihormone-secreting islet-cell tumor. Fasting glucagon levels (3,000 pg./ml.) rose to 10 ng./ml. following arginine stimulation. While oral glucose load and intravenous glucose infusion did not suppress glucagon secretion, insulin administration induced a prompt depression in glucagon levels. Glucagon, insulin, and gastrin levels were suppressed by somatostatin while calcium infusion caused a paradoxical increase. It is suggested that only some of the stimulation-inhibition mechanisms were conserved in this case of glucagon-secreting pancreatic tumor.

Arginine↗
PubMed1976

Hormonal counterregulation in ethanol-induced hypoglycemia-Glucagon and cortisol secretion in pigs.

Plasma glucagon and cortisol levels were determined in pigs during ethanol-induced hypoglycemia. This hypoglycemia is due to an inhibition of gluconeogenesis which could be related to an abnormal secretion of gluconeogenetic hormones. In six pigs the infusion of ethanol for seven hours (6 mg/kg/min) induced a significant decrease of plasma glucose which was associated with a significant increase of plasma glucagon in the portal vein, femoral artery and hepatic vein. Corresponding with the period of maximal hypoglycemia, plasma cortisol in the femoral artery was also significantly increased. On the other hand, plasma insulin levels were consistently reduced during hypoglycemia. In a second group of six pigs ethanol was infused along with a glucose infusion (3 mg/kg/min) in order to obtain a relatively constant glucose concentration. In this group ethanol did not produce any significant modification of plasma glucagon and cortisol. Therefore, glucagon and cortisol hypersecretion is related to hypoglycemia induced by ethanol. Both the increase in plasma glucagon and cortisol and the decrease in plasma insulin could represent a protective mechanism against alcohol-hypoglycemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Hypolipidemic effects of metformin in hyperprebetalipoproteinemia.

Metformin's hypolipidemic effects (2.55 g/day for 3 months) have been studied in 19 subjects with Fredrickson's Type IV hyperprebetalipoproteinemia. The majority of patients were above ideal body weight (relative body weight = 118 +/- 2.7 %). Eleven of the subjects presented chemical diabetes, 5 fasting hyperglycemia, and 3 normal glucose tolerance. After treatment with metformin, body weight showed a slight, but significant reduction (--2.4 +/- 0.3 kg). Glucose tolerence was not substantially altered while basal glucose was significantly reduced in the 5 subjects with fasting hyperglycemia. Basal plasma insulin was significantly reduced in all the patients following metformin treatment. Insulin response to OGTT was slightly reduced in the subjects with fasting hyperglycemia. Independent of the patients' glucose tolerance, metformin treatment induced a marked decrease in plasma triglycerides (-- 40 %) and a reduction in plasma cholesterol (-- 12 %). No correlation was found between triglyceride and cholesterol reduction and body weight, glucose, and plasma insulin variations. Like phenformin, metformin acts not only on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion but on lipid metabolism as well.

Adult↗