The response of class 2 ganglion cells in the frog retina is dependent on the angular velocity of a black visual stimulus whose size (1.20 degrees ) and contrast against a background are held constant. The relation between neuronal discharge rate and the angular velocity of the stimulus may be expressed as a power function.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

ADME transcriptome in Hispanic versus White donor livers: evidence of a globally enhanced NR1I3 (CAR, constitutive androstane receptor) gene signature in Hispanics.

Previous studies have found that, compared with Whites, Hispanic donor livers had elevated expression of CYP2 enzymes, gene products regulated by the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). The objectives of the current study were to determine (1) the CAR activation signature in human liver (2) whether other drug detoxification (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME)) genes were differentially expressed in Hispanic versus White livers, and (3) the extent of overlap in the CAR and Hispanic liver transcriptomes. The CAR transcriptome (ADME genes differentially expressed following phenobarbital versus vehicle treatment of human hepatocytes) and the Hispanic liver transcriptome (ADME genes differentially expressed in Hispanic versus White livers) were identified using Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to verify candidate genes in a larger sample size. Comparison of the CAR and Hispanic liver ADME transcriptomes revealed a significant association between the gene changes. Sixty-four per cent of the ADME genes induced more than twofold by phenobarbital were also induced in Hispanics, and 14% of the ADME genes repressed more than twofold by phenobarbital were repressed in Hispanics. In conclusion, compared with Whites, Hispanic donor livers have increased expression of many genes that are transcriptionally regulated by CAR. This result has practical implications to the drug treatment of Hispanic patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Transient delay in choroidal filling after krypton red laser photocoagulation for choroidal neovascular membranes.

The authors report four patients who were treated with krypton red laser photocoagulation for neovascular membrane in the papillomacular bundle. In each patient, from 1 to 7 days following photocoagulation, there was a transient delay in filling of the choroid in a localized area beyond the treatment site. No patient suffered permanent visual loss as a result of this complication. Each patient regained normal choroidal filling (except for the treatment site) within two to four weeks. This angiographic observation may be explained by the increased uptake of the krypton red wavelength in the deep choroid.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Complete cytoprotective action on the gastroduodenal mucosa induced by SAMe against damage provoked by ethanol in man.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. Clinicopathologic correlation of a case with multifocal lesions.

A 56-year-old man presented with recalcitrant uveitis with anterior chamber and vitreous cells. He developed small scattered lesions in the macular areas of both eyes, which disappeared in the right eye and evolved to multifocal, discrete, punched-out lesions resembling birdshot retinochoroidopathy in the left eye. Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) was suspected but was not confirmed by diagnostic vitrectomy. The patient died 3 years later and was found to have RCS with central nervous system and ocular involvement. The occurrence of tumor cells under the retinal pigment was the apparent cause of the multifocal lesions that disappeared in the right eye and that led to discrete punched-out lesions with no scarring in the left eye.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Branch retinal venous occlusion.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Edema↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diseases of the macula: the diagnosis and management of choroidal neovascularization.

Choroidal neovascularization is the major complication of several macular diseases. Criteria for the selection of patients for consideration of photocoagulation treatment are presented. The distance of the foveal edge of the choroidal new vessel membrane to the center of the fovea is the most important criterion in considering the patient for photocoagulation. Photocoagulation is not considered unless the edge of the new vessel membrane is at least one fourth disc diameter (375micron) from the center of the fovea. Randomized controlled studies are required to document the role of photocoagulation therapy for choroidal neovascularization.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Vaccination for experimental gliomas using GM-CSF-transduced glioma cells.

Brain tumors have an immunoprivileged status which contributes to their refractoriness to treatment. In this study, immune rejection of GL261 glioma tumors in the mouse brain was achieved by subcutaneous vaccination with GM-CSF-transduced glioma cells. Cultured GL261 cells were transduced to secrete murine GM-CSF using a retrovirus vector, then irradiated, and injected subcutaneously into H-2 matched C57BL/6 mice. In prevaccination studies, the median survival time (MST) of animals vaccinated with 5 x 10(4) or 5 x 10(5) GM-CSF-transduced cells 7 days prior to intracranial injection of 10(6) nontransduced, nonirradiated GL261 cells was significantly prolonged by 45-50% compared with animals vaccinated in parallel with nontransduced, irradiated glioma cells. In treatment of established gliomas, the MST of animals, which were treated subcutaneously with 5 X 10(6) irradiated GM-CSF-transduced cells 3 days after intracranial injection of 2 x 10(4) nontransduced cells, was prolonged significantly by 36% compared with animals treated with the same number of nontransduced, irradiated cells or to sham-treated animals. In prevaccination studies, histology of brain tumors 4 days after intracranial tumor cell injection revealed infiltrates of CD8+ lymphocytes and eosinophils, the latter exclusively in animals vaccinated with GM-CSF-transduced cells, Thus, subcutaneous injection of irradiated GM-CSF-transduced glioma cells can induce a potent immune response to intracranial gliomas both as a vaccination against subsequent intracranial glioma cell implantation and for treatment of established intracranial glioma.

Animals↗