Biomedical subjects

D Finotello

Publications and source records attributed to D Finotello.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Anchoring and structural transitions as a function of molecular length in confined liquid crystals.

Using deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance to study liquid crystals confined to cylindrical pores, an anchoring transition has been found. The transition exhibits an unexpected sharp dependence of the anchoring strength on cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal molecular length. A structural transition from a parallel axial to a planar radial configuration occurs due to an anchoring transition from planar to weakly homeotropic orientation at the walls. The anchoring strength is at a minimum near the decylcyanobiphenyl (10CB) liquid crystal length. Long chain liquid crystal configurations depend on thermal cycling and on the equilibrium atmosphere leading to a bistable SmA structure. Orientational order wetting in the isotropic phase also depends on molecular length.

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PubMed2003

Critical behavior of thermal parameters at the smectic-A-hexatic-B and smectic-A-smectic-C phase transitions in liquid crystals.

High temperature resolution measurements of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat, with simultaneous polarized light visual inspection of the sample, have been performed at two different liquid crystal phase transitions: the SmA-SmC (Smectic-A-Smectic-C) and the SmA-HexB (Smectic-A-hexatic-B) in racemic A7 [4-(3-methyl-2-chlorobutanoyloxy)-4(')-heptyloxybiphenyl] and 65OBC (n-hexyl-4(')-n-pentyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate) compounds, respectively. In the past, anomalies in the thermal conductivity at the transitions have been reported. Our results indicate a nonsingular behavior of the thermal conductivity at both transitions, similarly to what has been previously reported for the smectic-A-nematic phase transition. It is also shown how, in several cases, the nature of the transition can be affected by the sample thermal history due to the presence of strain annealing phenomena.

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PubMed2003

Surface ordering transitions at a liquid crystal-solid interface above the isotropic smectic-A transition.

The degree of orientational order induced by confining cylindrical surfaces is monitored via deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance linesplitting and linewidth above the smectic-A to isotropic phase transition. The orientational order strongly depends on the length of the surfactant coupling molecule, on the surface coverage, and on the liquid crystal. Continuous and stepwise growth of orientational order and surface-induced orientational order transitions found in the isotropic phase are explained in terms of a simplified model of surface-induced layering and molecular self-diffusion.

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PubMed2002

Chain segment order in ultrathin polymer films: a deuterium NMR study.

The orientational order of monomerically thin films of polydimethylsiloxane melt deposited on the surfaces of cylindrical pores is investigated in this paper by solid-state deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance. Spectra demonstrate substantial orientation of the methyl groups by the surface. The quadrupolar splitting of the oriented film component saturates below one monomer layer, but decreases stepwise for thicker films. Comparisons of experimental and simulated spectra suggest a flat chain conformation in the first polymer monolayer.

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PubMed2001

Aerosil dispersed in a liquid crystal: magnetic order and random silica disorder.

Dispersions of silica spheres (aerosil) in octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal were investigated with deuteron NMR. For the lowest silica density dispersions, there is a field-induced liquid crystal alignment as the field anneals most elastic strains. Increasing the silica density, the molecular alignment is stabilized by the spheres and is retained after sample rotation in the field; in the process, a few silica strand links are broken by the field, which realigns some molecules. At higher densities, the aerosil dispersions are aerogel like and disordering effects are apparent.

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PubMed2000

Deuteron NMR study of monolayer thick films of nematogenic molecules

We present a deuteron NMR study of molecular thickness films of a nematogenic material in cylindrical pores. Compared to liquid crystal in bulk or completely filling the pores, a reduced quadrupole splitting is found. It strongly depends on thickness, but only weakly on temperature, even crossing the bulk nematic-isotropic transition. This demonstrates the presence of a 2D-like film that eventually coexists with a bulklike phase suggesting a dewetting behavior. Motionally averaged angular patterns with biaxiallike features reveal unexpectedly fast surface molecular diffusion.

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PubMed2000

Deuteron NMR investigation of a photomechanical effect in a smectic-A liquid crystal

Deuteron quadrupole-perturbed NMR is used to study the perturbation of orientational order in a smectic-A liquid crystal (octylcyanobiphenyl or 8CB) caused by photoinduced trans-to-cis isomerization of a photosensitive dopant (diheptylazobenzene or 7AB). The time and temperature dependences of the orientational order were independently studied for 8CB, 7AB, and their mixtures. Upon UV irradiation that causes trans-to-cis isomerization of 7AB, the orientational order parameter of the smectic-A phase is reduced. Relaxation in the dark exponentially restores the equilibrium value of the order parameter. The characteristic time for this process closely matches the lifetimes of the 7AB excited state. While in the 8CB smectic-A matrix, the cis-isomerized 7AB molecules retain a uniaxial orientational order with the director oriented along the normal to the smectic layers. The highly bent 7AB cis molecules act as a disorienting factor, decreasing the orientational order in the layers and causing a small increase in layer spacing. This disorder-induced increase in layer spacing is much smaller than the actual increase as observed by in situ x-ray experiments on UV-irradiated mixtures of 8CB:7AB. Concomitant with the experimental observation that only a fraction of 7AB molecules are converted to the cis state, this work provides indirect evidence for a nanophase segregation with the 7AB cis-isomers arranged within the interlayer space, thus significantly increasing the smectic layer spacing.

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PubMed1999

Effects of quenched disorder on the orientational order of the octylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal.

Deuteron NMR (DNMR) measurements were performed with high-temperature and spectral resolution on the octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal confined to the randomly interconnected pores of silica aerogel as a function of temperature and silica density. The aerogel density was varied by one order of magnitude and the temperature spanned the isotropic (I), nematic (N), and smectic-A (SmA) phases of 8CB. For all samples, the liquid crystal was confined to pores smaller than the micron-sized magnetic coherence length. Thus the observed line shapes reflect the director pattern, n(r-->), and the orientational order, Q, as dictated by the porous host. The DNMR spectral patterns are consistent with powder line shapes representative of a randomized n(r-->) characterized by a single Q. The nematic domains formed are of finite dimension that likely exceeds the confining size. The weakly first-order nematic-to-isotropic phase transition becomes less discontinuous with decreasing pore size, eventually becoming continuous at an aerogel density between 0.36 and 0.5 g/cm(3). In the most severe confinement, no phase transitions are observed with only a continuous evolution of Q present. The orientational order is suppressed from the bulk's with no enhancement upon the onset of the SmA phase. This indicates a decoupling of nematic and smectic order parameters and a severe suppression of the SmA phase by this porous media.

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PubMed1996