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Biomedical subjects

D Fitzgerald

Publications and source records attributed to D Fitzgerald.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

How to keep up with the medical literature: VI. How to store and retrieve articles worth keeping.

The human mind is not well suited to storing and retrieving large amounts of infrequently used information. An effective personal filing system is needed if good articles that we encounter in our efforts to keep up to date are to be kept handy for future reference. Many options exist for the creation of a personal filing system. In this article, we assist the reader in the development of a tailor-made system that is based on making key decisions that strike a balance between filing needs and the lack of enthusiasm that most of us have for filing. The complexity of the system should match the number of purposes that your file must serve. Important additional considerations include how much time and effort you are willing to spend; where and how you will house your collection; how many articles you want to keep in the file; what standards you will apply in selecting material for your file; what subject headings are most appropriate for your articles; whether you will need to cross-reference; and what access you will have to personal computers.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1985

Uterine papillary serous carcinoma. Complete response to combination chemotherapy.

A case of metastatic uterine papillary serous carcinoma with a complete response to chemotherapy is reported. The patient presented with vaginal, pelvic, and lymph node metastases 11 months after primary surgical resection was performed. A complete response to cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and cisplatin was achieved. In this histologic pattern of endometrial adenocarcinoma, which behaves clinically like epithelial ovarian cancer, combination chemotherapy can offer significant response and palliation.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Computer searching of the medical literature. An evaluation of MEDLINE searching systems.

Although clinicians can now search the medical literature electronically from the clinic, bedside, or operating suite, little is known about the performance characteristics of online information services. Fourteen access routes to the MEDLINE database of journal literature were compared for retrieval quantity and quality, user and online search time, and cost for randomly ordered, standardized searches on common clinical problems. All routes produced the articles we judged to be the most definitive on the clinical problem. However, routes differed significantly (p less than 0.01) for the same searches with respect to online time (range, 5.15 to 18.72 minutes), total search time (8.37 to 20.55 minutes), cost (US $3.38 to $11.62), and proportion of articles relevant to the topic (98% to 75%). "User friendliness" aside, our results showed that the higher the cost, the worse the product. Clinicians should consider these major differences when deciding which search system to use.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Accuracy and reliability of the Del Mar Avionics pressurometer III.

We assessed the accuracy and reliability of the Avionics pressurometer, a fully automated ambulatory blood pressure recorder. Accuracy was assessed in 96 patients against the Hawksley random-zero sphygmomanometer. Two recordings were made with each device in a random sequence. No mean difference was found between methods. However, there was a marked variation in the difference between Avionics and Hawksley recordings. This was not due to variability in blood pressure alone since the agreement between Avionics and pressurometer systolic recordings (r = 0.88) was less than the agreement between sequential systolic blood pressure measurements with the Hawksley (r = 0.976, P < 0.001). In addition, a small degree of inter-device variability was demonstrated between three Avionics recorders, one device giving higher readings. Reliability was assessed in 30 patients during normal daily activities and compared with the Remler M2000. The rate of markedly artefactual recordings was higher with the Avionics. Thus, variability in Avionics recordings makes this device unreliable.

Blood Pressure Monitors↗
PubMed1985

The role of home and ambulatory blood pressure recording in the management of hypertension.

A review of the literature shows that doctor-recorded measurement (DRM) of blood pressure is higher than patient-recorded measurement (PRM) by either home-recording or ambulatory measurement. The role of home-recording and ambulatory measurement as a means of supplementing doctor-recorded measurement is discussed. The results of two studies comparing home-recording with clinic and ambulatory blood pressure showed that home-recording of blood pressure did not lower blood pressure.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1984

Cardiac sensitivity to isoprenaline, lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptors and age.

The heart rate response to isoprenaline in 11 subjects aged 19-46 years was compared with lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor numbers and lymphocyte cyclic AMP responsiveness. The dose of isoprenaline required to increase heart rate by 25 beats/min ( CD25 ) increased as a function of age (r 0.79; P less than 0.01). Lymphocyte receptor numbers also correlated directly with age (r 0.61; P less than 0.05), but there was no true correlation between CD25 and lymphocyte receptor numbers. Baseline and maximum lymphocyte cyclic AMP concentrations in response to isoprenaline stimulation in vitro were unrelated to age, CD25 or receptor numbers. This study confirms previous findings of a reduced responsiveness with age and a rise in receptor numbers in young and middle-aged adults. However, the decline in the heart response to isoprenaline was unrelated to any measurable change in beta-adrenoceptor concentration or responses, at least in the isolated lymphocyte.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evidence that the penton base of adenovirus is involved in potentiation of toxicity of Pseudomonas exotoxin conjugated to epidermal growth factor.

When KB cells are incubated for 1 h with human adenovirus type 2 or type 5 (1 microgram/ml) and a conjugate of epidermal growth factor and Pseudomonas exotoxin (EGF-PE), protein synthesis is inhibited by 80 to 90%. Under these conditions, neither adenovirus nor EGF-PE alone has any effect on host protein synthesis. Thus, adenovirus enhances the toxicity of EGF-PE. A number of antibodies to intact virus and capsid components were tested for their ability to block the enhancing activity and virus uptake. At appropriate dilutions, antibodies prepared against intact virus and penton base blocked the enhancing activity without affecting virus uptake. Antibodies against hexon and fiber blocked virus uptake and enhancing activity in parallel. These studies suggest that the penton base is important in lysis of the vesicles which contain adenovirus and EGF-PE, and this base allows virus and toxin to enter the cytoplasm.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1984

The efficacy of indapamide in hypertensive patients failing to respond to a beta-blocker alone.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2.5 mg indapamide in 24 hypertensive patients failing to respond to oxprenolol alone. An additional 6 patients were assessed by ambulatory blood pressure recordings over a 15-hour period with a Remler M2,000 semi-automatic sphygmomanometer. On average, indapamide reduced supine blood pressure by 18.5/10 mmHg and standing blood pressure by 19.6/8.9 mmHg. The ambulatory recordings carried out in 6 patients detected a fall in diastolic pressure not observed using clinic readings in these 6 patients, suggesting that this is a more sensitive method of detecting antihypertensive effect. These responses were not associated with significant changes in heart rate or body weight and there was no significant postural fall in blood pressure. No serious side-effects were reported. Changes in serum potassium, chloride and urate similar to those seen with diuretics were observed. These results suggest that indapamide is a useful and safe adjunct to beta-adrenoceptor blocking therapy for uncontrolled hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Analyses of cancer incidence in black gold miners from Southern Africa (1964-79).

As an extension of an earlier study covering the 8-year period 1965-71 (t1), the incidence of cancer in black gold miners over a second 8-year period, 1972-79 (t2) has been investigated. The population again totalled 2.9 million man-years of employment, an average of 363,800 men per year. Of the 903 cancers found in t2, primary liver cancer accounted for 45.4%, oesophageal cancer 19.8%, cancer of the respiratory system 11.2% and bladder cancer 2.7%. Analysis of these 4 common cancers by country or region of origin of the miners confirms for the most part the patterns of incidence found in the earlier survey and consolidated rates are therefore presented for the full 16-year period, 1964-79 (t3). The spatial distribution of primary liver cancer within Mozambique and oesphageal cancer within Transkei have been investigated for the periods t1, t2 and t3 and temporal changes of rate have been examined by individual years from 1964 to 1979. The geographical gradient of incidence for cancer of the oesophagus in Transkei has become less marked during the second period of the survey and the crude incidence rate for primary liver cancer in gold miners from Mozambique has continued to drop throughout the period of the survey.

Africa, Southern↗
PubMed1982

Essential role of calcium in cellular internalization of Pseudomonas toxin.

Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) has been shown previously to enter mouse LM cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, to block protein synthesis, and to cause cell death. The requirement for the divalent cation calcium in the binding and internalization of PE was examined. Biochemical studies showed that depletion of extracellular calcium with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid protected cells from the action of PE when the chelator was present during the internalization step. Extracellular calcium was not required for binding. We observed with immunoelectron microscopy that, in the cold, toxin bound to cell surfaces equally well in the presence or absence of chelator. In the presence of chelator, toxin was not cleared from the cell surface when cells were warmed to 37 degrees C. Replenishment of calcium (2 mM CaCl2), however, allowed normal rapid clearance of PE to occur. We suggest that internalization, but not binding, of PE by LM cells requires extracellular calcium.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1981

Clinical pharmacology of tolmesoxide in refractory heart failure.

The haemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of single intravenous doses of tolmesoxide, a new vasodilator agent, were studied in 6 patients with severe cardiac failure secondary to ischaemic cardiomyopathy and refractory to conventional therapy. The mean (+ SEM) baseline cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) were 1.7 +0.11/min/m2 and 30.5 +4.1 mm Hg respectively. The mean % rise in CI was 78.8 +23.3 and the mean % fall in PADP was 35.2 +5.2. The mean half life of tolmesoxide in these patients was markedly prolonged at 15.6 +6.6h. Side effects were minimal - vomiting was seen in 1 patient. This agent warrants further study in the long term management of refractory cardiac failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of beta-blockers on exercise double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate).

1 The effect of single oral doses of six beta-receptor antagonists on exercise-induced changes in double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate) were studied in 25 human volunteers. 2 Three doses of propranolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, timolol and atenolol were selected for study on the basis of in vivo beta-blocking potency. 3 Although all beta-blockers studied reduced the double product response to exercise, the pharmacodynamics of this effect differed markedly. 4 Pharmacodynamic half-lives, estimated for the drug tested, were 39 h for nadolol, atenolol 21 h, timolol 15 h, oxprenolol 13 h, propranolol 11 and pindolol 8 h. 5 These results suggest that the clinical choice of a beta-blocker with the least problems of compliance can be made on the basis of pharmacodynamics as well as pharmacological profile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Selective attention in fast and slow learners.

64 children aged 8 yr. were trained on a tactile simultaneous discrimination task. Selective attention was measured in terms of percentage contact time per trial to the relevant dimension. Inter- and intra-couplings per trial were also recorded. Multivariate analyses were carried out to examine the role of component factor scores, obtained from a component curve analysis of the percentage touching time per trial, and selected cognitive variables in differentiating between the fast and slow learner groups. Percentage touching time factor scores and a memory factor were significant, but there was no significant difference between the groups in the number of couplings made. As learning progressed the number of inter- and intra-couplings decreased.

Aptitude↗