The sheep has been the standard laboratory animal for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) research for many years and has proven to be an invaluable and reliable model. However the coagulation system of the sheep is significantly different from humans. These differences make it difficult to investigate the coagulative and inflammatory response to ECMO in sheep. The pig has a very similar coagulation system to humans and therefore makes a more appropriate model. We describe a porcine model of prolonged (48 hours) closed chest venovenous (VV) ECMO that we developed to investigate the inflammatory and coagulative response to different ECMO tubing materials. This model could be used to investigate any aspect of venovenous ECMO.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of gaviscon and metoclopramide in gastroesophageal reflux in children.

Oral metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg/24 h) and a liquid alginic acid-antacid compound were administered to infants and children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. The effect of medication was measured with 24-h intraesophageal pH monitoring. Neither metoclopramide nor the alginic acid-antacid compound decreased the frequency or duration of gastroesophageal reflux.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of therapeutic drug monitoring in a long-term care facility: a pilot project.

The need for a therapeutic drug monitoring service was evaluated in a 150-bed long-term care facility. Thirty blood samples from 28 residents (mean age 87.9 years) were assayed to determine trough drug concentrations. All subjects were examined to determine pharmacodynamic effect. Pharmacokinetic consultations were written for serum drug concentrations outside accepted ranges. Fifty percent (15 of 30) of serum drug levels measured were subtherapeutic; the remaining levels were in the normal therapeutic range. Based on this sample data, it could be concluded that a minimum of 32 percent and as many as 68 percent of serum drug levels would be subtherapeutic following drug analysis in similar nursing home populations. Of 12 consultations, recommendations for seven (58 percent) were accepted by the subject's primary care physicians. Four of the consultations (33 percent) resulted in dosage modifications. These results support the need for further study.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic drug monitoring in the long-term care facility.

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Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗