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D Forman

Publications and source records attributed to D Forman.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Nitrate and N-nitrosoproline excretion in two Italian regions with contrasting rates of gastric cancer: the role of nitrate and other factors in endogenous nitrosation.

Exposure to nitrate and propensity for endogenous nitrosation were examined in 80 healthy males, aged 25-40 years, residing in areas of Italy with long-standing high (Florence) and low (Cagliari) rates of gastric cancer. Nitrate exposure was assessed by measurement of urinary nitrate excretion over 12 hr, and endogenous nitrosation was assessed using the N-nitrosoproline test (NPRO-test). Our hypothesis was whether the geographic variation in cancer rate correlated with nitrate exposure or nitrosating ability. Exposure to background sources of NPRO was significantly higher in the high-risk subjects (phi = 0.04) whereas no differences were found in exposure to nitrate or in urinary NPRO levels after L-proline loading (test NPRO levels). The regional difference in test NPRO was almost completely accounted for by background NPRO exposure. Examination of individual rather than grouped data revealed that exposure to nitrate was a major factor in NPRO formation. No other factors studied (age, dietary-questionnaire-assessed intake of anti-oxidant vitamins) had a significant effect. Geographical variation in gastric cancer risk did not, therefore, correlate with either nitrate exposure or propensity for endogenous nitrosation of L-proline.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Familial testicular cancer: a report of the UK family register, estimation of risk and an HLA class 1 sib-pair analysis.

Forty-two families with two or more cases of testicular cancer have been reported to the UK Register for Familial Testicular Cancer, comprising two pairs of identical twins, 27 sets of other brothers (25 pairs, two triples), nine father-son pairs, two pairs of first cousins and two uncle-nephew pairs. In total 91 testicular tumours are described in 86 individuals (42 (46%) pure seminoma, 49 (54%) other germ cell tumours). The median age at diagnosis in these patients was significantly younger than that in a comparable series of non-familial patients (29 c.f. 32.5 years, P less than 0.01). In a case-control comparison of 794 testicular cancer patients, eight patients (1.0%) had a brother and four patients (0.5%) had a father with a previous diagnosis of testicular cancer at the time of their own diagnosis (and these families are all included in this report). Two out of 794 controls (0.3%) had a first degree relative with testicular cancer. The cumulative risk to a brother of a patient for developing testicular cancer by the age of 50 years was estimated to be 2.2% (95% C.I. 0.6-3.8%) which results in a relative risk of 9.8 (95% C.I. 2.8-16.7) in comparison with the general population. HLA Class I typing of 21 affected sib-pairs demonstrated four (19%) sharing two haplotypes, 13 pairs (62%) sharing one and four pairs (19%) sharing none. This did not differ significantly from the expected proportions of 25%/50%/25%. It is unlikely, therefore, that there is a major gene associated with testicular cancer predisposition within or closely linked to the major histocompatibility gene complex on chromosome 6.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Locked patellar dislocation with vertical axis rotation. A case report.

Whereas traumatic lateral dislocation of the patella is a well-described clinical entity, other types of patellar dislocations, specifically those that involve patellar rotation, are unusual. These rare types also present a therapeutic problem in which reduction often requires a general anesthetic and, possibly, an open procedure. A 16-year-old boy sustained a laterally directed blow to his knee, resulting in dislocation of the patella. The patella had rotated 90 degrees in the vertical plane and became wedged against the lateral femoral condyle. Initial attempts at closed reduction in the emergency room and under general anesthesia in the operating room were unsuccessful, and the patient required open reduction. A similar type of dislocation has been described; however, the patella is usually intercondylar. The tear along the medial side was extensive enough to allow the patella to dislocate lateral to the lateral femoral condyle, making this a unique case. In these instances of rare patellar dislocation, the surgeon should be prepared to perform an open reduction, because attempts at closed reduction even with a general anesthetic may be unsuccessful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Enzyme immunoassay of serum thyroxine with the "Autochemist" multichannel analyzer.

We have modified the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of thyroxine and have adapted it to the AutoChemist. Both enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunnoassay procedures were performed on 2016 patients' sera on which thyroxine determinations had been ordered. We find the automated enzyme immunoassay to be precise and accurate, and for the first time it permits total automation of an immunoassay on a multichannel biochemical-profiling instrument. More importantly, it represents the first time that a thyroid-function test has been included in a multitest biochemical screening profile performed on a single automated instrument.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Significant endogenous synthesis of nitrate does not appear to be a feature of influenza A virus infection.

There is much concern about the role of nitrate in the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. There has been renewed interest in the endogenous formation of nitrate arising as a host response to infection. This study was designed to investigate whether the large increases in nitrate excretion rate reported (6-15-fold) for certain infectious diseases is also a feature of systemic influenza infections. Volunteers were challenged either with an attenuated strain of influenza A virus or with saline; and excreted nitrate was measured in subsequent 24-h urine samples. Both with and without adjustment for potential confounding by dietary and other factors, it was clear that neither mild nor moderate influenza A virus infection resulted in substantial endogenous nitrate biosynthesis since all the variation in urinary nitrate excretion observed was within the range of normal daily fluctuations. It remains possible that a stronger and more consistent nitrate excretion response might be observed in other infectious illnesses with greater systemic disturbance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for stomach cancer in sixty-five Chinese counties.

Stomach cancer mortality data were compared with dietary and biochemical data from 65 Chinese counties to provide clues to reasons for the marked geographic variation of stomach cancer mortality rates in China. Sex-specific correlation and multivariate regression analyses showed significant positive associations with consumption of salted vegetables and eggs, prevalence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori, and levels of plasma albumin; and significant negative associations with intake of green vegetables and levels of plasma selenium and beta-carotene. Limitations of ecological data preclude causal inferences, but these findings suggest factors that may contribute to making stomach cancer the leading cause of cancer death in China and other countries.

Adult↗