PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Friedlander

Publications and source records attributed to D Friedlander.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Long-term risk stratification for survivors of acute coronary syndromes. Results from the Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) Study. LIPID Study Investigators.

OBJECTIVES: We developed a prognostic strategy for quantifying the long-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events in survivors of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). BACKGROUND: Strategies for quantifying long-term risk of CHD events have generally been confined to primary prevention settings. The Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) study, which demonstrated that pravastatin reduces CHD events in ACS survivors with a broad range of cholesterol levels, enabled assessment of long-term prognosis in a secondary prevention setting. METHODS: Based on outcomes in 8,557 patients in the LIPID study, a multivariate risk factor model was developed for prediction of CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Prognostic indexes were developed based on the model, and low-, medium-, high- and very high-risk groups were defined by categorizing the prognostic indexes. RESULTS: In addition to pravastatin treatment, the independently significant risk factors included: total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, age, gender, smoking status, qualifying ACS, prior coronary revascularization, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and prior stroke. Pravastatin reduced coronary event rates in each risk level, and the relative risk reduction did not vary significantly between risk levels. The predicted five-year coronary event rates ranged from 5% to 19% for those assigned pravastatin and from 6.4% to 23.6% for those assigned placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term prognosis of ACS survivors varied substantially according to conventional risk factor profile. Pravastatin reduced coronary risk within all risk levels; however, absolute risk remained high in treated patients with unfavorable profiles. Our risk stratification strategy enables identification of ACS survivors who remain at very high risk despite statin therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Differential expression of the cell-adhesion molecule Nr-CAM in hyperplastic and neoplastic human pancreatic tissue.

Nr-CAM is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of neural cell-adhesion molecules initially thought to be expressed mainly in the brain. Here we show the presence of Nr-CAM protein in normal human pancreas and characterize its expression in hyperplastic and neoplastic human pancreatic tissue. Nr-CAM is expressed on the cell surface in normal pancreatic acini with enhanced staining at cell-cell junctions, and weak or no surface staining is seen on normal ductal cells. Nr-CAM expression is markedly up-regulated in intraductal hyperplasia. Expression was well maintained in well or moderately differentiated carcinoma but was reduced or absent from most poorly differentiated tumors. In addition, 4 of 4 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines tested demonstrated little or no Nr-CAM expression. This differential regulation of Nr-CAM expression suggests that it may be involved in the pathogenesis and invasive/metastatic behavior of pancreatic cancers. HUM PATHOL 32:396-400.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1999

The demographic transition then and now: processes, perspectives, and analyses.

Fifty years have passed since the post-World War II development of demography as an academic field. During this time, one of the central focuses of research has been the study of demographic and fertility transitions. The authors review a selection of research developments and analytic issues that have appeared in the literature. After presenting, in roughly chronological order, the general development of this research work, they raise questions concerning theory and methodology. In doing so, they argue that some research directions have been overemphasized to the neglect of others.

Demography↗
PubMed1997

Early experience of primary angioplasty at Waikato Hospital.

AIM: Acute angioplasty for myocardial infarction without prior thrombolytic therapy (primary angioplasty) has been advocated as the preferred treatment for high risk infarct patients, however data is primarily from highly experienced units. This report describes the first year's experience of primary angioplasty at Waikato Hospital which is a moderate sized institution performing 300 elective angioplasty procedures per year. METHODS: Patients presenting with an acute infarction who were deemed to be either at high risk or who had a contraindication to streptokinase received primary angioplasty. The program operated 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with all procedural and clinical outcomes being prospectively recorded on a database. RESULTS: Fifty one patients underwent primary angioplasty in the first year. Vessel patency was achieved in 86%, with TIMI III flow present in 82%. Time from emergency room arrival to reperfusion averaged 95 minutes and median hospital length of stay was 5 days. Five (10%) patients died while in hospital: those in cardiogenic shock on presentation had a mortality of 33%, and the remainder 5%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that primary angioplasty is logistically feasible in a moderate sized New Zealand hospital with clinical results similar to those reported by the large interventional centers in Europe and the USA.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1995

Pretransition marital fertility variation over time: was there deliberate control in England?

An important line of research concerning historical fertility patterns in currently developed countries of Europe has concluded that, prior to the fertility transition, marital fertility was essentially constant over time, and deliberate fertility control was virtually unknown. It has been argued that variations over time in overall fertility were largely the consequence of variations in nuptiality. Other researchers have challenged these views and present evidence for the existence of a significant minority of fertility controllers in pretransition populations. In this article, we find support for this second view and argue that (1) there was significant, non-random variation in marital fertility over time, prior to the transition; (2) in many cases, this variation in marital fertility was large relative to contemporaneous variations in nuptiality; and (3) in a substantial minority of the cases, the variation over time in pretransition marital fertility was so large that it is suggestive of deliberate fertility control. Thus, our findings question the view of fertility transition as an innovation in deliberate marital fertility control. While most of our evidence is based on data from England and Wales, we find corroboration of our key results in other European data.

Family Planning Services↗
PubMed1995

Old-age mortality in Israel: analysis of variation and change.

This study analyses differentials in life expectancy and cause-specific death rates among the elderly Jewish population in Israel in the early 1970s and early 1980s. We find substantial inequality in old-age mortality levels across subpopulations in geographic units and show that this inequality increased between the two periods. Much of the variation in old-age mortality is explained by differences in economic and social status, ethnicity and religiosity. The importance of religiosity is of particular interest in the context of Israeli society.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Receptor tyrosine phosphatase R-PTP-kappa mediates homophilic binding.

Receptor tyrosine phosphatases (R-PTPases) feature PTPase domains in the context of a receptor-like transmembrane topology. The R-PTPase R-PTP-kappa displays an extracellular domain composed of fibronectin type III motifs, a single immunoglobulin domain, as well as a recently defined MAM domain (Y.-P. Jiang, H. Wang, P. D'Eustachio, J.M. Musacchio, J. Schlessinger, and J. Sap, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:2942-2951, 1993). We report here that R-PTP-kappa can mediate homophilic intercellular interaction. Inducible expression of the R-PTP-kappa protein in heterologous cells results in formation of stable cellular aggregates strictly consisting of R-PTP-kappa-expressing cells. Moreover, the purified extracellular domain of R-PTP-kappa functions as a substrate for adhesion by cells expressing R-PTP-kappa and induces aggregation of coated synthetic beads. R-PTP-kappa-mediated intercellular adhesion does not require PTPase activity or posttranslational proteolytic cleavage of the R-PTP-kappa protein and is calcium independent. The results suggest that R-PTPases may provide a link between cell-cell contact and cellular signaling events involving tyrosine phosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Functional disturbances of the masticatory system in an elderly population group.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of craniomandibular disorders in a geriatric population in Israel, and to study morphometric and functional parameters as well. One hundred ten elderly subjects (61-90 years old) were interviewed and examined clinically for the following parameters: general health history, dental comfort and masticatory performance, anthropometric measurements, functional performance of the stomatognathic system, dental status, static and dynamic occlusion, and signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders. The results indicate that (1) loss of hearing was the most common debilitating functional disturbance reported, with rheumatoid or rheumatoid-like chronic diseases also common among this age group; (2) chewing performance was compromised and tongue thrust was common; (3) range of mandibular movement was decreased; (4) prevalence of signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in the elderly were compatible with or higher than those in younger subjects, but the older individuals were not disturbed by the problem enough to seek help; (5) there was no association between impaired general health and the prevalence of craniomandibular disorders; and (6) interocclusal distance was large and negatively related to the lower third of the face and positively related to the presence of full dentures.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Psychological variables and premature labour: a possible solution for some methodological problems.

Two studies on the relationship of psychological variables and premature labour were conducted. The first was a retrospective comparison of psychopathological tendencies, attitudes towards pregnancy, physical complaints during pregnancy and perceived marital and social support, between a group of women who had premature labour and a group of women with term deliveries without premature contractions. Data were collected a few months after deliveries to neutralize bias caused by anxiety for newborns' condition and by proximity in time to the trauma of premature delivery. The second study was a prospective one in which the target category included not only women who delivered prematurely but also women who developed premature contractions but delivered at term. In this study we examined trait and state anxiety, mothers' attitudes towards pregnancy and physical complaints during pregnancy. Results showed that psychopathological tendencies were linked to premature labour and premature contractions. No differences were found concerning perceived social support or mothers' attitudes towards pregnancy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Evaluating treatments for preterm labor: possible solutions for some methodological problems.

The usual evaluation procedures for labor-inhibiting therapies are criticized and a new measure is proposed. This measure (rate of pregnancy prolongation) is shown to fulfil the criteria of high sensitivity to treatment effects and of unbiasedness for the gestational age of patients. The use of analysis of covariance is proposed as a solution for the problem of confounding background variables. The advantages of the new evaluation procedure are illustrated by the analysis of a clinical trial of labor inhibition by hypnotic relaxation.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Occupations, migration, sex ratios, and nuptiality in nineteenth century English communities: a model of relationships.

Two effects of occupational structure on nuptiality levels are examined: a direct functional effect related to the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on the feasibility and desirability of marriage, and an indirect structural effect related to nuptiality levels via sex selective migration patterns and population sex ratios. Our analysis shows that nuptiality levels in nineteenth century English and Welsh districts were responsive to occupational variation and that both direct and indirect effects were significant. Our results suggest that socioeconomic factors, often overlooked in favor of cultural explanation, must be considered in the analysis of nuptiality.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1983

Demographic responses and socioeconomic structure: population processes in England and Wales in the nineteenth century.

This paper explores some theoretical and empirical aspects related to the theory of change and multiple response. The empirical analysis focuses on 600 relatively small and homogeneous geographical units of England and Wales for the period 1851-1910. These units are classified into six identifiable socioeconomic types and the analysis is male for each of them. Two interrelated tissues are studied. First, a set of explanatory variables, connected either with strain or with factors relieving strain, is constructed. The effects of these explanatory variables on nuptiality, marital fertility, and migration responses are examined for each socioeconomic type, with respect to their significance, intensity, and direction. The patterns of these effects show general consistency with multiphasic response considerations for all socioeconomic types. A significant finding in this part is that migration affects very strongly the intensity of the marital fertility decline response. The second issue deals with theoretically expected patterns of interrelationships among responses in terms of substitutability and complementarity. The theoretical interrelationships are compared with the empirical for each socioeconomic type; and in general, consistency is established. Moreover, these interrelationships can be interpreted for each socioeconomic type in a way that appears to be consistent with multiphasic response considerations. An important finding in this part is that emigration and marital fertility decline are substitute responses in agricultural-based districts. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗