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Biomedical subjects

D G Fowler

Publications and source records attributed to D G Fowler.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

A model for designing intelligent tutoring systems.

A model for the design of an intelligent tutoring system is presented using artificial intelligence techniques and cognitive processing theories. The model of cognitive processing known as the Knowledge Acquisition and Recall Theory is derived from Anderson's Adaptive Control of Thought Theory. The model is used as a basis for a methodology for the design of an intelligent tutoring system that teaches problem-solving strategies for blood grouping discrepancies. The system developed was tested to determine the effectiveness of the methodology developed and to provide support for the concepts in the model of cognition developed. The preliminary results provide some evidence that an intelligent tutoring system designed using the methodology developed may aid in the knowledge acquisition process. (knowledge acquisition, artificial intelligence, computer-assisted instruction, cognition, intelligent tutoring system).

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1984

Real-time ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of pregnancy and the determination of fetal numbers in sheep.

Two trials were conducted on a total of 1120 ewes of four breeds to evaluate the use of real-time ultrasonic scanning as a means of diagnosing pregnancy, differentiating barren, single- and multiple-bearing ewes and determining actual fetal numbers in pregnant ewes. In trial 1 (566 ewes) the accuracy of an inexperienced operator, as judged against assessments of an experienced operator, improved from 81 to 100 per cent for the classification of ewes as carrying no, one or more than one fetus, and from 69 to 100 per cent for the determination of actual fetal numbers more than one. In trial 2 the accuracies of the same operator, judged against the lambing performance of 267 ewes, ranged from 90 to 97 per cent for both types of assessment, and for an experienced operator from 95 to 100 per cent (554 ewes). In both trials pregnancy was diagnosed with an accuracy of 100 per cent. It is concluded that real-time ultrasonic scanning of sheep between days 50 and 100 of gestation offers a safe and practicable means of diagnosing pregnancy and of determining fetal numbers. Accuracies of diagnosis of pregnancy of more than 99 per cent, of differentiation of barren, single- and multiple-bearing ewes of 98 per cent, and of determination of actual fetal numbers of 97 per cent can be achieved in practice at scanning rates of at least one ewe per minute. Some of the benefits to flock management and performance likely to result from the use of the technique are considered.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a computer simulation for laboratory planning.

OBJECTIVE: This study presents a description of a laboratory simulation model and how it can be used to aid in making management decisions for meeting laboratory personnel and instrumentation needs to provide the quality of health care desired. DESIGN: Observations were made and data recorded about resources from the appropriate areas in the laboratory. The computer model was developed using a simulation application program. The simulation was then run in three different configurations to obtain data on how changes in the laboratory may affect resource usage. SETTING: A 600-bed hospital laboratory was used as the model to collect initial data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements were obtained for the effects of three different employee/instrument mixes to determine the effects of instrument utilization, employee workload, and specimen turn around time. RESULTS: The outcomes measured showed varying degrees of resource utilization versus processing times of specimens. CONCLUSION: Simulation can be an effective means of providing information to aid the laboratory manager in making decisions about resource needs in the clinical laboratory.

Chemistry, Clinical↗