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Biomedical subjects

D G Livingston

Publications and source records attributed to D G Livingston.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Tampon-related toxic-shock syndrome. Histopathologic and clinical findings in a fatal case.

Toxic-shock syndrome (TSS) is consistently associated with penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina of menstruating women who use tampons. Increasing evidence implicates Staphylococcal toxin(s) in the pathogenesis of the condition, but the nature and biological effects of such toxin(s) are not established. Comprehensive postmortem studies and histopathologic data are few and largely unknown. The autopsy of a 15-year-old girl with this syndrome showed extensive superficial ulcerations and thrombophlebitis of the vagina, with bacteria on the mucosal surface only. Systemic phlebitis and capillaritis, visceral interstitial edema and acute inflammation involving various organs suggest a toxic effect, which is primarily manifested by widespread vascular damage. The histogenesis of the vaginal ulcerations remains unclarified, although they probably contribute to the absorption of toxin(s).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Trabeculotomy ab externo and trabeculectomy in congenital and adult-onset glaucoma.

In one prospective study, 75 eyes (47 children with congenital glaucoma) were treated by trabeculotomy. Intraocular pressures were controlled in 93.4% after one or more trabeculotomy operations. In five eyes the intraocular pressure was not controlled and these had a fibrovascular membrane in the angle, extending over the trabeculum and iris base with finger-like processes over the peripheral iris. The eyes that had successful operations did not have this appearance. In a second study trabeculotomy in adult-onset open-angle glaucoma had a high rate of failure (30%) including the use of postoperative medication. Nineteen eyes (17 patients) were operated on, 13 successfully. Another group of 19 eyes (17 patients) were treated by trabeculectomy, with the same follow-up period. The one failure (5%) occurred in an eye in which the angle appeared to be totally closed on gonioscopic examination. The operation was equally effective in black and white patients.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1977

Astigmatism in cataract surgery.

We report on our investigation into astigmatism in 40 eyes following a corneal cataract incision closed with a continuous 10/0 nylon monofilament suture (Ethilon). Immediately after surgery there was astigmatism caused by the nylon suture (suture-induced astigmatism), its severity depending on the tightness of the suture. It ranged from 1 to 10-5 dioptres, the mean value 4-09 dioptres with a standard deviation of +/-2-5. Removing the nylon suture eliminated this astigmatism and within a few weeks the corneal astigmatism correction in 48% of eyes returned to the preoperative level. In 80% of eyes the difference between the final postoperative corneal astigmatism (4 months after removing the continuous suture) and the preoperative astigmatism was 0-75 dioptres or less and the maximum change was 1-5 dioptres. In 40% of eyes the axis of the cylinder changed from a horizontal to an oblique axis but did not change from a with- to against-the-rule axis. The degree of astigmatism remained constant while the suture was in place and in 50% of eyes was equal to or less than 3 dioptres. The mean of the spherical equivalents was 11-31 dioptres with a standard deviation of +/-1-25. A spectacle correction 14 days after operation prescribed either as the mean spherical equivalent (11-50 dioptres) or according to the patient's refraction will give satisfactory vision until the suture is removed 4 months after operation. The degree of astigmatism following a corneal section and continuous nylon suture compares very favourably with astigmatism following other suturing techniques for cataract.

Astigmatism↗