Testing for antibodies to equine arteritis virus.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D G Westcott.
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Haemagglutination and ELISA tests, and negative contrast electron microscopy, have been used to identify rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in naturally occurring cases of the disease and in experimentally infected rabbits in the United Kingdom. Haemagglutination tests alone are not satisfactory for the diagnosis because non-haemagglutinating isolates of the virus, otherwise indistinguishable from others, have been found in some outbreaks. Haemagglutination inhibition tests have shown that a proportion of both commercial laboratory and wild rabbits in the UK are seropositive to the virus although they have not been associated with clinical disease. This observation, made previously in other parts of Europe, may indicate the longstanding circulation of a related but non-pathogenic strain of virus. Naturally occurring antibody appears to afford a high degree of protection against experimental challenge with virulent virus.
Viruses with characteristics of polyomaviruses were isolated from the kidneys of 18 out of 64 clinically normal calves 1-2 weeks old. All the viruses were serologically related.
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More than 300 bovine sera from a previously reported vaccination and challenge trial were tested for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) by five serological assays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM and IgG, passive haemagglutination (PHA), and two methods of virus neutralisation (VN). In a statistical comparison of ELISA (IgG), PHA and VN results, the assays showed highly significant correlations (P less than 0.01). The sensitivities of ELISA and 24-hour neutralisation tests were similar, in contrast to passive haemagglutination and one hour neutralisation which failed to detect BHV1 antibodies in some low titre sera.
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