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Biomedical subjects

D G Zaridze

Publications and source records attributed to D G Zaridze.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Carcinogenic components of smokeless tobacco and tobacco-free cigarettes].

The investigation deals with an assessment of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of samples of smokeless tobacco now on the Russian market as well as ash from alternative cigarettes made of aromatic herbs. Our data showed that the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile and tobacco-specific N-nitrosoamines complied with the standards in the producer-countries. Smokeless tobacco extracts failed to show (Ames) any mutagenic effects such as the "read-out frame shift" or "base-pair replacement" patterns. No tobacco-specific N-nitrosoamines were identified in herbal cigarettes. However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile N-nitrosoamines content appeared to be identical to that of tobacco. Herbal cigarette smoke extracts mutagenicity induced by side-effects of carcinogenic substances was of similar magnitude as well.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed2005

[Low-deuterium water effect on transplantable tumors].

Such models of transplantable tumors as Lewis sarcoma, uterine sarcoma-322 and uterine carcinoma-5 were used to study possible inhibitory effect by low-deuterium water. Such water was given to experimental animals (20 mice in each group). Controls (30 in each group) received tap water with standard deuterium concentrations. Low-deuterium water treatment resulted in significant inhibitory effect on volume of all tumor patterns concerned: it delayed nodule formation at transplantation site. However, no increase in survival time was obtained.

Deuterium↗
PubMed2004

[Methodological basics of prognosticating the life expectancy of population in big cities].

The reasons of high mortality and of low life expectancy among Russian citizens as well as their sharp fluctuations observed in the 90-ies were explained differently by researchers, however, no attempt was made to analyze the impact made by a huge inflow of immigrant from the republics of the former USSR and "close abroad" in any case studies. In this paper we point at the fact that the mortality statistics and life expectancy in Moscow were influenced, at least for as long as 12 years, by a systemic error, which made the mortality index higher and the life expectancy lower, among Muscovites, due to overestimates of the absolute number of died Muscovites and to underestimates of the city residents. The 2001 life expectancy of men and women in Moscow calculated on the basis of data, from which non-residents who died in the capital were deleted, was 64.7 and 75.0, respectively, but not 61.7 and 73.5 as represented by the official statistics. The maximum negative effect of death cases of non-residents exerted on the life expectancy coincides with the overall mortality peak value in Moscow: life expectancy of Muscovites for 1994 estimated without accounting of the mortality rate for non-residents turned out to be 3.2 years higher for men and 1.5 years higher for women. Supposedly, the Russian mortality statistics is not nation-wide in line with the actual state of affairs. However, the influence of the discussed systemic error in Russia's regions can be expected to be less pronounced since the level of immigration in Moscow is most probably by far higher.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2004

[Etiological aspects of occupational cancer in printing industry].

Research of oncology lethality from workplace exposures is one of the most effective approaches to studying the etiology of malignant neoplasms. However, certain problems of methodology compromise the informative value of such research whose purpose is to identify the carcinogens. Addition of data on morbidity and lethality in heterogeneous industrial categories, whose typical feature are inhomogeneous exposures, is a major methodological problem. The fact that the studied occupational populations are limited to male subjects is another important problem. The most adequate epidemiological study projects were analyzed and compared with the results of our own case study, which dealt, for the first time in the history of our country, with investigating the lethality causes of 1552 males and 3473 females occupied as compositors, printers and bookbinders at two major printing enterprises in the city of Moscow. According to the authors, an exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzopirin, could be a reliably higher risk of mortality of melanoma and of ovarian cancer among female press operators. With regard for experimental and epidemiological research, the authors believe it appropriate to put forward the below hypothesis: a many-year exposure to minimal quantities of asbestos contained in the paper dust was the key trigger inducing the malignant mesothelioma and ovarian cancer in bookbinders and printers.

Asbestos↗
PubMed2003

[Consideration of the deuterium-free water supply to an expedition to Mars].

Interplanetary missions, including to Mars, will put crews into severe radiation conditions. Search for methods of reducing the risk of radiation-induced cancer is of the top priority in preparation for the mission to Mars. One of the options is designing life support systems that will generate water with low content of the stable hydrogen isotope (deuterium) to be consumed by crewmembers. Preliminary investigations have shown that a decrease of the deuterium fraction by 65% does impart to water certain anti-cancer properties. Therefore, drinking deuterium-free water has the potential to reduce the risk of cancer consequent to the extreme radiation exposure of the Martian crew.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Chloroprene as possible industrial carcinogen].

The authors conducted 2 independent cohort studies on epidemiology of malignancies among workers contacting chloroprene. The first study covered morbidity and mortality with malignancies among workers engaged into polychloroprene resins production in Erevan; the second study--mortality with malignancies among Moscow shoe makers who contacted polychloroprene glues and latex. The findings are reliably higher risk of morbidity and mortality with hepatic cancer, dose--effect dependence between chloroprene exposure and occurrence of and mortality with hepatic cancer.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed2002

[Assessing lead cancerogenic effects affecting printing house workers].

The aim of this study was to determine the level of risk of occupational cancer among compositors exposed to inorganic lead. A total of 216 men and 423 women were included in the cohort and followed up from 1 January 1979 to 31 December 1993. There were 2759 person-years among males and 6050 person-years among females. Among men, employed as compositors, there was a significantly elevated mortality from pancreas cancer. We have found two deaths from kidney cancer occurred exclusively among women-compositors with exposure 20 years or more yielding significantly increased SMR of 10.0.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Smoking: the main cause of high mortality rate among Russian population].

Mortality rates in Russia are very high as compared to those in other developed countries, particularly among men. A series of hypotheses associating heavy drinking and social and economic stresses of the transition period with drastic increases in mortality rates in Russia in the mid-1990s have been generated. However, the hypotheses are under analytical study on an individual level. A case control study was carried out to investigate the association of mortality due to smoking, alcoholic consumption, and a variety of socioeconomic indices. A total of 13,079 individuals who died in 1990-1999 were identified during a populational survey of 90,147 families in four Russian cities: Barnaul, Tomsk, Tyumen, and Vladivostok. Data on lifestyle habits, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and some socioeconomic characteristics of the deceased were obtained from questionnaire surveys with proxy respondents (wives, husbands, etc.). Proportional mortality analyses were carried out. Controls were selected from those who died from non-smoking-related causes. A statistically significant association was established between smoking and the risk of death due to cancers of the lung, mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and urinary bladder. There was also a dose-response relationship of the numbers of cigarettes smoked to the risk of cancers at these sites. Smokers were found to be at a statistically significantly increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke. There was a close and statistically significant association between smoking and chronic obstructive lung diseases, respiratory tuberculosis, and other respiratory infections. There was also a close dose-response relationship of the number of cigarettes consumed per day to the risk of respiratory tuberculosis and obstructive lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiology and prevention of cancer].

Primary prevention is of priority in cancer control. This primarily applies to malignant neoplasms whose direct cause is smoking. Modifications in nutrition by consuming more fresh vegetables and fruits, by reducing calories, by enhancing physical activity, and correspondingly, a decrease in body weight will result in lower incidence of cancer of the stomach, colon, breast, uterine body, prostate and affect the risk for malignancy associated with smoking and other environmental carcinogenic factors. Prevention of infectious exposures, including vaccination, is the most effective method for controlling cancer of the cervix uteri and liver, some leukemias and lymphomas, H. pylori-associated gastric cancer. The most important components of cancer control are to monitor the enterprises, ambient and room air for carcinogens and to lower adverse impact of ultraviolet and ionizing radiation on man. Progress in molecular biology enables one to involve into carcinogenesis at its each stage. The risk associated with carcinogenic exposure can be assessed by taking into account not only the carcinogenicity of an environmental factor and its dosage, but also individual sensitivity. Information on specific molecular genetic changes that are specific for different carcinogenic substances and tumors, the so-called finger prints, may be used for identification of a carcinogenic factor and correspondingly for prevention, as well as preclinical diagnosis and gene therapy at early stages of carcinogenesis.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiology of occupational neoplasms in the printing industry].

The paper presents the findings of the first Russian study of possible cancer risks in printing workers. For the first time, the historical cohort study included women. The cohort comprised 1,553 males and 3,473 females who were followed up for 15 years (01/01/79-12/31/93). A significant increase in the rates of death from pancreatic cancer was registered among males employed as compositors exposed to inorganic lead dust and vapors. Raised mortality from malignancies of the stomach urinary bladder, skin melanoma and mesothelioma was identified in females exposed to a PAU-containing oil paint aerosol and paper dust. Significant death risks from esophageal and ovarian malignancies due to exposure to glue vapors and paper dust were observed in bookbinders.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2000

Variation in the interaction between familial and reproductive factors on the risk of breast cancer according to age, menopausal status, and degree of familiality.

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that reproductive factors might have a variable effect on the occurrence of breast cancer (BC) according to the existence or not of a family history of BC. The effect of a family history of BC on the risk of BC may also vary according to the age at diagnosis and the degree of kinship. This may confound the relation between familial risk and reproductive factors. A combined analysis was performed to study the interaction between familial risk and reproductive factors according to degree of familiality, age at interview and menopausal status. METHODS: The present analysis included 2948 cases and 4170 controls in seven case-control studies from four countries. The combined relative risks were estimated using a Bayesian random-effects logistic regression model. RESULTS: The main effects of reproductive life factors on the risk of BC are in agreement with previous studies. Two-way interactions between subject's age or menopausal status and a family history of BC were not significant. Although the three-way interaction between age, familial risk and parity was not significant, familial risk seemed to be increased slightly for women with high parity compared with women with low parity in the older age group, and seemed to be slightly decreased for women with high parity compared with women with low parity in younger women. The subject's age also appeared to have an effect on the interaction between familial risk and the age at first childbirth (P = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: A possible influence of reproductive and menstrual factors on familial risk of BC has been suggested previously and was also evident in the present study. Three-way interactions between age, family history and parity or age at first childbirth might exist and they merit further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Molecular biological and clinical-morphological studies of gastric tumors associated with Epstein-Barr virus].

The paper presents the results of the studies of gastric cancer (GC) associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) among the patients residing in 4 geographical regions. In situ hybridization (ISH) techniques revealed that 49(11.4%) of the 430 examinees were EBV positive (EBV+), the virus-specific marker mRNA-1 of EBV, EBER-1) was found to be present in 80-100) of tumor cells. The proportion of EBV(+)-associated GC cases in different geographic regions ranged from 7.3 to 15%. These tumors were predominant in males (15%) as opposite to females (5.5%). Histological types most common among EBV+ tumors and their location in the stomach are also described. Serological findings indicated that the increased anti-EDV antibody response in 70% of GC cases coincided with the presence of the viral genetic information detected by ISH. In contrast to a humoral response to EBV, a humoral response to Helicobacter pylori was equal both in patients with EBV(+)- and EBV(-)-associated gastric tumors. Further molecular biological analysis of EBV isolates from virus positive and virus negative GC may answer the question whether there are really the so-called tumor and non-tumor variants of EBV.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of chloroprene workers from Armenia.

We evaluated the risk of cancer among 1897 men and 417 women exposed to chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, CP) at a production plant in Yerevan, Armenia, between 1940 and 1988. The cohort was followed up for cancer incidence for the years 1979-1990 and for cancer mortality for 1979-1988. In the cohort, incidence and mortality from all cancers were below expectation, but increased incidence (standardized incidence ratio 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-7.27), and mortality (standardized mortality ratio 3.39, 95% CI 1.09-10.5) from liver cancer were noticed. A dose-response relationship was suggested between liver cancer and indices of CP exposure, such as duration of employment, duration of high CP exposure and cumulative exposure to CP. The risk of other neoplasms was not increased.

Armenia↗
PubMed1999

Cancer mortality among women in the Russian printing industry.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates cancer mortality among women employed in two large printing plants in Moscow. METHODS: A total of 3,473 women who were actively employed as of December 31, 1978, with a minimum of 2 years employment were followed from 1 January 1979 to 31 December 1993. There were 47,791 person-years observed, with only 51 women lost to follow-up (1.5%). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using the population of Moscow to generate expected numbers. Analyses by job (compositors, press operators, and bookbinders), age hired, latency, and duration of employment were conducted. RESULTS: Among women employed in the two printing plants, there was a significant excess of esophageal cancer, based on seven deaths (expected = 2.7, SMR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1-5.4). Four of the seven esophageal cancer deaths occurred among bookbinders (expected = 1.0, SMR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.1-10.4), all among workers hired before 1957 (expected = 0.6, SMR = 7.1, 95% CI = 1.9-18.3), the last year benzene was used in bookbinding. Ovarian cancer was also significantly elevated among bookbinders (12 observed, 4.2 expected, SMR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.5-5.0), which, along with one death from mesothelioma of the abdomen, might be related to the use of asbestos-contaminated talc fillers in paper. Press operators had significantly elevated mortality from stomach cancer (observed = 9, expected = 4.1, SMR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.0-4.2) and, based on two deaths each, melanoma and bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Women in this printing industry cohort experienced excess mortality of cancer of the esophagus and stomach, with suggested increases of melanoma and bladder cancer. Further follow-up of this cohort, which would allow more in-depth analysis of rare cancer sites, latency, and duration of employment, is warranted. Gender comparisons within the cohort should also be conducted to clarify the role of occupational and lifestyle factors in the etiology of cancer among workers in the printing industry.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Cancer mortality among Moscow shoe workers exposed to chloroprene (Russia).

OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of cancer among workers of a Moscow (Russia) shoe factory exposed to chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) (CP). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort mortality study among 5,185 shoe manufacturing workers employed between 1940 and 1976, and followed from 1979 through 1993. Exposure to CP was assessed by linking the job history with industrial hygiene data. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) using the Moscow population as reference, and conducted an internal comparison analysis based on Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, all-cause mortality was close to expectation and all-cancer mortality was increased. There was an increase in the mortality from liver cancer (SMR = 2.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-4.3), kidney cancer (SMR = 1.8, CI = 0.9-3.4), and leukemia (SMR = 1.9, CI = 1.0-3.3). Mortality from liver cancer and leukemia was associated with various indicators of CP exposure. A similar, although less consistent, pattern was found for kidney cancer mortality; while for the remaining neoplasms, no association was suggested with CP exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The association between CP exposure and risk of leukemia may be due to concomitant exposure to benzene. The results for liver cancer point towards a carcinogenic effect of CP.

Cause of Death↗