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Biomedical subjects

D Galan

Publications and source records attributed to D Galan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Medical status, functional status and drug utilization patterns of a population of older dental patients in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Despite the wealth of epidemiological studies that have evaluated the oral health status of older Canadian dental patients, comprehensive epidemiologic data on their medical status, functional status and drug utilization patterns are deficient. To address this deficiency, the authors evaluated 170 older dental patients (> or = 65 years, mean = 82 years, sex distribution = 77.1 per cent female, 22.9 per cent male) in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Study participants averaged five medical conditions per person (males = females). The most prevalent conditions were vision deficits, cardiovascular disorders and orthopedic problems. Functional assessment of the Activities of Daily Living revealed that study participants were essentially independent. Within the study population, 90 per cent were taking at least one medication (mean = 2.8 drugs per person), most of which were analgesics, diuretics and gastrointestinal agents. Drug utilization rates were consistent with other studies that have evaluated prescribing patterns in community-dwelling older Canadian adults.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Oral health status of a population of community-dwelling older Canadians.

A sample of 170 responsive residents of seniors housing centres in Winnipeg, Canada, were studied, (>65 years, mean 82 years), with the objectives of relating their dental state to their perception of need and uptake of service. Only 6% rated their oral health as poor, 46% reported a dental visit within the previous year and 68% felt they needed dental treatment. A lack of perceived need (88%) was the primary reason why dental care was not sought more frequently. Hygiene practices revealed that only 7% brushed < 1 time/day, 60% never flossed, 14% cleaned their dentures <1 time/day, and 42% slept with their dentures. Dental histories showed that examination (94%), prosthodontic treatment (76%), and restorative services (65%) were the most commonly sought treatments. Perceived dental needs included prosthodontic treatment (39%), periodontal/prophylactic treatment (10%), restorative treatment (9%) and pain relief (9%). Study subjects had 2.8 decayed teeth, a DMFT of 25.1, and a Root Caries Index of 38%. CPITN scores of 3 or 4 in at least one sextant were found in 80% of subjects. Of the 41% edentulous, all wore complete dentures but 15% of complete upper dentures and 51% of complete lower dentures fitted poorly. Of the partial dentures, 20% fitted poorly. Soft tissue anomalies were seen in 67% of subjects and 47% had TMJ anomalies. Overall, 77% of edentulous subjects and all dentate subjects required some dental treatment even though 46% had seen a dentist within the preceding year. It is concluded that appropriate management of such people needs further attention.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Familial varices of the colon and small bowel.

We describe two patients, brother and sister, with identical pathology, whose only clinical presentation was recurrent massive lower digestive tract bleeding. Haemorrhage was due to a complex form of familial venous vascular malformation in the digestive tract, represented by the existence of varices of colon, small intestine and, to a lesser extent, oesophagus and gastric funcus. We have been able to study, examine and treat both patients for 9 and 3 years respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Oral health status of a group of elderly Canadian Inuit (Eskimo).

Fifty-four Inuit elders, representing 90% of the individuals 60 yr of age and older in three communities in the Keewatin region of the Canadian Northwest Territories, were examined for dental caries, periodontal disease, levels of edentulism, and the fit and quality of denture prostheses. These elders had a mean of 2.8 +/- 3.5 decayed teeth and a DMFT of 26 +/- 13 which reflected significant tooth loss. The Root Caries Index for subjects with gingival recession was 19%. Periodontal pocket assessments revealed that 86% of the individuals examined had CPITN readings of either 3 or 4. Over one third of the elders were totally edentulous, most of them female. Only 47% of these individuals wore complete dentures. Denture fit assessment revealed that 36% of the complete maxillary dentures and 42% of the complete mandibular dentures fit poorly. The overall oral health findings for these Inuit elders differed from those found in other older populations; however, the present findings may be the norm for a population undergoing a cultural transition.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Medical and dental status of a culture in transition, the case of the Inuit elderly of Canada.

The medical and dental status, and drug utilisation patterns of Canadian Inuit elders (60+ years) were evaluated. Inuit elders averaged 6.3 medical conditions per person, primarily nervous systems-sense organ deficits, respiratory problems and systemic infections. The mean number of drugs being used was 2.5 per person, primarily analgesics, bronchodilators and antibiotics. Poorly fitting dentures, and high levels of tooth decay, periodontal disease, soft tissue and TMJ anomalies were documented. Compared to older southern Canadians, the medical and dental findings for these Inuit elders were different. Drug utilisation rates were consistent with older southern Canadians, but different drugs were taken.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1993

Epidemiology of root caries.

Many epidemiological studies have been conducted on a variety of populations. Unfortunately, comparison of the prevalence data, and to a lesser degree of the incidence data, between the various studies is of little use due to the lack of standardised diagnostic criteria, reporting methods and population diversity. In the few incidence studies which have been conducted around 30-40% of people developed root caries, although many adults in the population appear to have been affected by root caries. Many risk factors associated with the occurrence of root caries have been identified and these include oral, medical, mental, behavioural and psychosocial conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Principles of enamel etching.

Amongst the innovations that have changed the practice of dentistry over the past three decades, the acid-etch technique and the use of composite resins may be regarded as two of the most influential. In 1955, Michael Buonocore, a researcher at the Eastmen Dental Centre in Rochester, New York, made the astute observation that the application of weak inorganic acid could alter the surface enamel so that bonding of a resin to the surface could take place. Buonocore experimented with acrylic resins but found these were much too weak to withstand the stresses exerted upon them in the mouth. It was not until Rafael Bowen developed a unique system containing 25 percent by weight of polymerisable monomer and 75 percent by weight of a vitreous filler--the composite resin--that the acid-etch technique became an effect procedure. This article reviews historical and current research, in the search to optimise the resin to enamel bond.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1993

Elder abuse and the dentists' awareness and knowledge of the problem--a national survey.

A national sample of 1,775 Canadian dentists, representing 13.2 per cent of all Canadian dentists, were evaluated via a mailed questionnaire about their knowledge, awareness of, and experiences with victims of elder abuse and/or neglect. In all, 83.3 per cent of respondents were aware, to varying extents, of elder abuse or neglect. Of the dentists observing a patient suspected to have been a victim of neglect or abuse, 40.6 per cent reported incidents of neglect, while physical abuse was seen 59.4 per cent of the time. The types of neglect most frequently observed included: neglect of personal hygiene (31.8 per cent), failure to provide adequate medical/dental care (30.2 per cent), and failure to provide adequate supervision (20.1 per cent). The most frequently reported signs of physical abuse were bruises and welts (21.8 per cent), broken denture prostheses (12.1 per cent), fractured and avulsed teeth (11.5 per cent), and abrasions and lacerations (10.3 per cent). Where abuse was observed, dentists provided dental treatment in 53.2 per cent of the cases and made emergency medical referrals in 20.3 per cent of the cases. This study demonstrates that dentists have identified cases of abuse and/or neglect, and therefore should be consulted in the abuse/neglect identification and assessment process.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effects of warm air-drying and spreading on resin bonding.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on resin-to-enamel bonding produced by warm air from a hair dryer, and to correlate changes in resin bond strength with resin tag structure. Herculite-XR resin composite and Bondlite bonding resin were used. The three technique variables were the type of air used for drying, air dryer distance, and drying and spreading time. Control samples were dried and the bonding resin spread with a dental air syringe, whereas warm air from a hair dryer was used on the experimental samples. The bond strength (MPa) was determined in shear at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Following bond strength evaluation, the teeth were immersed in 10% HCl for enamel dissolution and the resin tag structure was examined with the SEM. ANOVA analyses of shear bond strengths were performed. Warm air-drying and spreading for 15 seconds at 6 cm and 5 seconds at 6 cm respectively, produced statistically greater shear bond strengths (x = 20.4 +/- 4.4 MPa, P less than 0.05). The other drying time/distance combinations, including the control (x = 14.4 +/- 3.3 MPa), were not statistically different. Differences in resin tag structure were qualitatively evident under the SEM, with sharp tags produced by the warm air-drying and spreading techniques, compared to the blunt tags created by syringe air-drying and spreading. Warm air-drying and spreading significantly improved the bond strength. No apparent correlation exists between bond strength and tag length.

Air↗
PubMed1991

Effects of warm air-drying on intra-pulpal temperature.

This study was designed to determine what effects different warm air-drying conditions have on the intra-pulpal temperature (IPT), with or without chamber preparation and with or without an acid-etching treatment of the enamel. Four human maxillary centrals and four cuspids had lingual access openings prepared to accommodate a thermal sensor probe. Half of the specimens received a labial chamber preparation and half were acid-etched. All specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C prior to testing. Labial aspects were positioned at 2 cm and 6 cm from the nozzle of a 500W hair dryer and IPTs were recorded after 15, 30, 45, and 60-second exposures. Exposure times for the acid-etched samples were modified to 10 seconds at 2 cm and 15 seconds at 6 cm. Results showed that for unetched teeth, increases in the IPT were greater at the 2 cm/15-second exposure (a 10.4-12.0 degrees C increase) than at the 6 cm/15-second exposure (a 3.9-6.6 degrees C increase). Even greater temperature changes were seen as the exposure times were increased to 30, 45, and 60 seconds. When the teeth were acid-etched, IPT rises of 5.6-10.1 degrees C and 5.8-8.7 degrees C were measured at 2 cm/10 seconds and at 6 cm/15 seconds, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1989

The effect of reinforcing fibres in denture acrylics.

Since the early 1970's, various fibre reinforcement systems have been used to enhance the mechanical properties of denture base acrylics. The research conducted to date on fibre reinforcement systems for use with Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMM) denture base material is reviewed and evaluated.

Acrylic Resins↗