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Biomedical subjects

D Gilmour

Publications and source records attributed to D Gilmour.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

The development and assessment of a self-perceived quality of vision questionnaire to test pseudophakic patients.

PURPOSE: To develop and test a questionnaire to assess quality of vision in pseudophakic patients. METHODS: The problems with existing health measurement scales and the need for a new questionnaire are first discussed. Development of the new questionnaire from concept to completion is presented and all stages discussed. The questionnaire is then tested for internal consistency, reliability and validity. RESULTS: The Cronbach Alpha for internal consistency was 0.92. British Standards Institution repeatability coefficient was satisfactory at 6.6. Discriminant construct validity testing by extreme groups demonstrated excellent discrimination between patients with functionally significant posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and no significant PCO (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The questionnaire is validated as a robust, stable measure of pseudophakic visual symptoms with a high degree of clinical utility. It should be invaluable for the many studies that compare outcomes from different forms of modern cataract surgery with implantation of different intraocular lenses.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Life cycle analysis and sewer solids.

The search for sustainable ways of living has necessitated a new look at the way in which water services are provided. The new paradigm includes whole-system perspectives for each of the primary criteria groups: social, environmental and economic. Whilst Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) techniques have been used successfully for products, they are much less used to assess processes. Nonetheless there is much to learn from the use of LCA for a much wider range of applications. An application is described whereby LCA has been used to determine energy, mass flows and environmental impacts for a number of sewer-related options for handling sewer solids, using the SimaPro software. This work has been part of a wider study to provide enhanced decision support systems for water utilities.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2000

Omeprazole, Helicobacter pylori status, and alterations in the intragastric milieu facilitating bacterial N-nitrosation.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Omeprazole produces greater acid inhibition in Helicobacter pylori-positive than -negative subjects. We investigated whether this is accompanied by more profound changes in the intragastric milieu that facilitates bacterial synthesis of N-nitroso compounds. METHODS: Gastric juice pH; nitrite, ascorbic acid, and total vitamin C concentrations; and colonization by other bacteria were examined before and during omeprazole treatment in subjects with and without H. pylori infection. Studies were performed in the fasting state and after consumption of 2 mmol nitrate (equivalent to a salad meal). RESULTS: Before omeprazole, H. pylori-positive and -negative subjects were similar for all parameters. During omeprazole, H. pylori-positive subjects had a higher intragastric pH (7.8 vs. 3.0; P < 0.00001) and greater colonization with non-H. pylori species (5 x 10(7) vs. 5 x 10(5) CFU/mL; P < 0.05). These bacteria included nitrosating species. During omeprazole treatment, H. pylori-positive subjects had higher intragastric nitrite levels after the nitrate meal (median area under the concentration/time curve, 12,450 vs. 4708 micromol/L. min; P = 0.04). Omeprazole lowered intragastric vitamin C levels in H. pylori-positive but not -negative subjects (1.8 vs. 3.4 microg/mL, respectively; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In H. pylori-positive subjects, omeprazole produces disturbances in intragastric nitrite, vitamin C, and bacterial colonization that facilitate bacterial N-nitrosation. This may place them at increased risk of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Risk for the new or expectant mother working in the perioperative environment.

Being pregnant is not an illness, and in the National Health Service, where the majority of the workforce are female, pregnancy should be regarded as part of everyday life. Yet the workplace can damage your health, and that of an unborn child, through hazardous substances such as chemicals, radiation, and anaesthetic gases; through work which involves moving and handling of loads; through stress, excessive hours or shift work; and for perioperative practitioners, through standing for long periods of time (Rogers et al 1999).

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1999

A radiation hybrid map of the zebrafish genome.

Recent large-scale mutagenesis screens have made the zebrafish the first vertebrate organism to allow a forward genetic approach to the discovery of developmental control genes. Mutations can be cloned positionally, or placed on a simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) map to match them with mapped candidate genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs). To facilitate the mapping of candidate genes and to increase the density of markers available for positional cloning, we have created a radiation hybrid (RH) map of the zebrafish genome. This technique is based on somatic cell hybrid lines produced by fusion of lethally irradiated cells of the species of interest with a rodent cell line. Random fragments of the donor chromosomes are integrated into recipient chromosomes or retained as separate minichromosomes. The radiation-induced breakpoints can be used for mapping in a manner analogous to genetic mapping, but at higher resolution and without a need for polymorphism. Genome-wide maps exist for the human, based on three RH panels of different resolutions, as well as for the dog, rat and mouse. For our map of the zebrafish genome, we used an existing RH panel and 1,451 sequence tagged site (STS) markers, including SSLPs, cloned candidate genes and ESTs. Of these, 1,275 (87.9%) have significant linkage to at least one other marker. The fraction of ESTs with significant linkage, which can be used as an estimate of map coverage, is 81.9%. We found the average marker retention frequency to be 18.4%. One cR3000 is equivalent to 61 kb, resulting in a potential resolution of approximately 350 kb.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The Burch colposuspension for recurrent urinary stress incontinence following retropubic continence surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Burch colposuspension with Cherney incision in women with recurrent urinary stress incontinence after retropubic continence surgery. DESIGN: A retrospective review. PARTICIPANTS: All 53 women had recurrent urinary stress incontinence after retropubic continence surgery with an average of 2.1 (range 1-5) previous failed continence procedures per woman. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective and objective success rates and complications including detrusor instability, voiding difficulties and genital prolapse. RESULTS: Forty-seven women (89%) had no or occasional (< one episode per week) stress or urge incontinence. One woman had persistent stress incontinence and five urge incontinence. Forty-two women (80%) rated their surgery as being highly successful and 38 women (72%) had no urinary leakage due to genuine stress incontinence or detrusor instability on repeat urodynamic evaluation. Three women (6%) developed de novo detrusor instability post-operatively. Two women (4%) had voiding difficulties post-operatively that necessitated the use of intermittent self-catheterisation for at least four months. The median length of follow up was nine months (4-72). In 39 women (73%), marked retropubic fibrosis was found at the time of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Marked retropubic fibrosis should be expected in women with recurrent stress incontinence after retropubic continence surgery. The Burch colposuspension with the assistance of the Cherney incision and sharp dissection of retropubic fibrosis is an effective and safe procedure for women with this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Reduced expression of MHC class I antigens in chicken fibroblasts transformed by Rous sarcoma virus.

Monoclonal monomorphic as well as polyclonal antibodies against H-B class I (B-F) antigen were used to evaluate the expression of these molecules on normal and RSV-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts. The results indicate that chicken fibroblasts transformed in vitro by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain Rous sarcoma virus of subgroup B (SR-RSV-B) present reduced H-B class I antigen expression as compared to uninfected cells of the same inbred strain. This quantitative reduction was observed at the cell membrane and in whole cell lysates. Chick embryo fibroblasts infected with avian leukosis virus RAV-1 show that the levels of H-B class I antigens were indistinguishable from the levels measured on the control cells. Normal embryo fibroblasts derived from the inbred lines B4/B4 express higher levels of H-B antigens than normal cells carrying the B12/B12 genotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Gonad-specific uptake of H-Y antigen in the chicken.

Soluble H-Y antigen of the mouse is bound in testicular cells of the ZZ chicken, and not in cells of the ZZ blood, bursa, kidney, liver or spleen. This implies occurrence in birds of a gonad-specific receptor for H-Y. Since H-Y is present in ZW females and not in ZZ males, reaction of H-Y and its gonadal receptor may be critical to development of the ZW ovary.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

H-Y antigen in the chicken.

To determine whether asymmetrical development of the chicken ovary could be related to differential expression or function of H-Y antigen, the putative ZW ovary inducer, we compared the ability of cells from the left and right gonad to absorb H-Y antibodies in 17-day chick embryos and in one-day-old hatchlings. In addition, we studied uptake of soluble H-Y antigen by gonadal cells in 17-day embryos, one-day-old hatchlings, and young adults. Indications are that H-Y is present in the left gonad of the female, and to a lesser extent in the right, and not in the testes of the male. Our preliminary results indicate moreover that the right ZW gonad may lack receptor sites for soluble H-Y at around the time of hatching. It may be inferred that expression of H-Y antigen is a prerequisite of ovarian development in birds, although it remains to be determined unambiguously whether H-Y is the primary inducer of the ZW gonad or an accessory molecule involved in some intermediate aspect of gonadal development.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

Is there a third type of filament in striated muscles?

Using glycerinated rabbit psoas myofibrils we demonstrate by electron microscopy that there is a filamentous material which remains after extraction of the fibrils with a modified Hasselbach-Schneider solution (containing 1.0 M KCl) followed by extraction with 0.6 M KI. The fibrils were visualized by conventional negative staining techniques using either 2% ammonium molybdate or 1% uranyl acetate. The appearance of the extracted fibrils together with their solubility properties strongly suggests that the extraction-resistant filamentous material is composed of connectin, an elastic protein recently characterized from muscle tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Amniotic fluid infections in an African city.

Amniotic fluid infections were the most common cause of perinatal death in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (21.8/1,000 live births). Most such infections appear to originate in the fetal membranes near the cervical os. The high rate of spread of these local infections into the amniotic fluid in Addis Ababa appears related to a lack of antimicrobial activity in amniotic fluids. Factors that adversely affected nutrition in the gravid woman, lack of prenatal medical care, and low water usage were associated with the high rate of fatal infections.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1972

Diabetes mellitus and the gene for Fanconi's anemia.

An increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been found in relatives of eight probands homozygous for the rare recessive syndrome Fanconi's anemia. Since many of these relatives are expected to be heterozygous for the gene for Fanconi's anemia, this gene may predispose to diabetes in single dose.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗