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Biomedical subjects

D Ginestet

Publications and source records attributed to D Ginestet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Tianeptine in episodes of major depression with melancholia and signs of endogenicity].

The effectiveness and good acceptability of tianeptine have been demonstrated in episodes of major depression without melancholia or signs of psychosis which are the valided indications of the tianeptine. In a way of research program, a multicenter study was conducted in 30 patients with D.S.M. III criteria for major depression with melancholia and signs of endogenicity as defined by the Newcastle scale. The patients were treated in a double-blind trial for 42 days. Administration of a placebo for 4 days prior to beginning the study was designed to eliminate rapid responders to placebo. The antidepressant effectiveness was evaluated on the Hamilton (HDRS), Montgomery and Asberg (MADRS) and global clinical impression (GCI) scales. The effect was satisfactory and statistically significant. Seventeen of the 30 patients (57 percent) included in this study improved with tianeptine (CGI-item 2). Results were comparable whatever the diagnosis established on DSM III criteria: bipolar depression, major depression, recurrent or isolated forms. The acceptability evaluated from patient complaints, measurement of blood pressure and laboratory tests was very satisfactory. Treatment was withdrawn in 14 patients with no subsequent withdrawal symptoms. These findings show that tianeptine can be prescribed with success for major depression episodes with melancholia (DSM III) and signs of endogenicity, although it cannot be concluded that patients should be given this treatment in first intention for this type of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The hospitalization of a mother and her infant in an adult psychiatric department].

In this article, the authors tell of experiences of hospitalizing mothers together with their newborn children in the psychiatric ward for adults in a general hospital in the Paris region since October 1980. They studied 52 cases, 42 of which were related to post-natal depression. This study develops hypotheses leading up to its implementation, describes how it is set up, and specifies the goals of hospitalizing the two together: not automatically separating a child from its mother who develops a psychiatric condition at such a vulnerable age, observing how mother and child interact, evaluating the mother's nurturing skills and how the baby functions, taking therapeutic action for the mother and for the mother-child relationship, and allowing preventive action, a general prevention of mental illness. Over the years indication for this type of treatment was refined: keeping an infant close to it's sick mother cannot be a general rule and it should always be possible to reverse the decision. this is only used as an attempt at keeping the newborn with its mother in acute states and when support from the father or the extended family is available. Birthing and post-partum periods could be good ones for taking preventive action concerning the child. Early identification of an interactive disturbance before it comes out as a medical problem, finding new ways of acting and having a therapeutic effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Iatrogenic depression (author's transl)].

A number of drugs are traditionally blamed for causing depression: in general medicine, the antihypertensives, the oral contraceptives and the appetite suppressants; in psychiatry, the neuroleptics. The identification of iatrogenic depression is difficult methodologically, for two reasons: 1. Detection of the depression. 2. Linking convincingly that state of depression with the administration of a particular drug, given the presence of many non-pharmacological factors. The literature and the experience of clinicians provide fairly contradictory evidence, but an analysis of published work calls for the following observations: --the type and severity of depression are rarely specified;--a history of psychiatric disorder is commonly stressed;--the specific role of the disability caused by physical or mental illness and the need to use palliative rather than curative measures are usually underestimated;--biochemically, it is surprising that the effects which some of these drugs are known to have upon the cerebral amines do not cause more depression of mood. In fact, if we consider how widely the drugs incriminated are used, it is clear that real drug-caused depression is rather uncommon.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1978

Standard and long-acting depot neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenics: an 18-month open multicentric study.

The overall objective of this 18-month open study was to compare standard neuroleptics and long-acting depot neuroleptics following the current psychiatric practice in order to determine the best therapy. Thirty French psychiatrists from 15 different wards participated in this experiment. One hundred eighty-one chronic schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the following three treatments: standard neuroleptics, pipotiazine palmitate, or fluphenazine decanoate. Criteria used for evaluation were an overall clinical evaluation by a psychiatrist, a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and a Nurse's Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation. No significant difference (P greater than .05) was observed between the three groups in drug effectiveness or tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Neuroleptic disinhibitory agents].

The concept of "disinhibition" appeared in 1956 (Broussolle and Dubor) with a study of the activity of prochlorpémazine in chronic schizophrenia. Each chemical group of neuroleptics includes at least one or two disinhibitory compounds. This activity intervenes upon the affective and intellectual life without necessarily the usual extra-pyramidal akathisia side-effects. Psycho- and sociotherapy are strongly adviced with disinhibitory effect.

Affect↗
PubMed1977

[Preliminary report on the neuropsychological study of women treated by beta-mimetic drugs in a gynecological clinic].

Twenty women hospitalized in a gynaecological clinic for threatening miscarriages were treated by beta-mimetic drugs and examined from a neuro-psychological viewpoint. Disorders in the quality of sleep, trembling fingers and modification in the tone of voice were noted, and associated in five cases, to a slight hypertonia, extra-pyramidal-like. Eleven women had difficulties in concentrating, and seventeen felt distressing changes of mood: mentism, pessimistic thoughts, feeling of being abandonned, and sometimes, beliefs of being persecuted, which in two patients required the administration of Haldol.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1977

["Heat stroke" and/or "Malin's syndrome" in a patient treated with fluphenazine decanoate].

The role of the "heat stroke" is discussed on account of an observation of hyperthermia (42 degrees C or 107.6 Farenheit) that occured with a patient under fluphenazine decanoate, during the summer 1976 heat wave. Contrary to the American descriptions of heat strokes, the patient kept his perspiring ability. Moreover, there was no hypertonic extrapyramidal syndrome, but hypotonia instead. It is to be noted that the preliminary treatment by the corresponding standard neuroleptic (fluphenazine chlorhydrate) did not prevent that hyperthermia whose evolution was rapidly favorable.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Critical study of the use of long acting neuroleptics (depot neuroleptics) in France.

Long acting neuroleptics (L.A.N.) represent 11% of the medical prescription of neuroleptics in France (about 40,000 patients in 1974). Some psychiatrists remain reluctant to prescribe long acting-neuroleptics and many problems related to their use are still solved empirically:1) relation between the posology of the standard Neuroleptic and the corresponding L.A.N. 2)the problem of dose-interval. 3) the necessary prescription of an parkinsonian. The superiority of N.A.P. over the Neuroleptic Standard has received no experimental confirmation in France, but the L.A.N. appear to us as an original therapy, the "pivot chemotherapy" around which psychotherapy and sociotherapy can be arranged without anarchical and ceaseless changes of neuroleptic compounds and of posology.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Chemotherapy of melancholia by sequential neuroleptic-viloxazine association].

Viloxazine administered as a unique antidepressant may in some cases cause an aggravation of anxiety and agitation or manic states. In order to control this effect, we thought of administering neuroleptics and anxiolytics: 1) Before Viloxazine for a few days. 2) Then during antidepressant treatment. The results were as follow: 1) Quick and efficient upon melancholic states in manic -- depressive psychoses. 2) Irregular and questionable upon other depressions.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1975

[Comparison of clinical effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol with the classic effects of hashish].

Moreau de Tours's classical studies about haschisch had pointed out to a rich symptomatology: visual and auditive hallucinations preceded by the "primordial effect": "the dissociation of ideas". This delirious state was assimilated to dream. Modern studies, conducted with Delta-9-THC, in healthy voluntaries, again suggest the comparison or even the identity of the modifications caused by cannabis with sleep and dream. 10 mg of Delta-9-THC was absorbed in sesame oil by the voluntaries, and all of them presented disturbances of their vigilance, changes of their mood, now with euphoris and now with dysphoria, and slight psycho-sensorial alterations. The voluntaries EEG showed important and specific individual reactivity. Three subjects presented an arousal tendency, three other a greater towards sleep. Slight morphological changes have appeared, such as desynchronised periods, rapid shifts between I A, I B, II stages of sleep or an hypovariable I B stage of sedation with period of occular movements resembling to REM-stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Attempt at classification and orientation of prescriptions using an index of psychotropic drugs in computers].

We designed a method of rational classification of psychotropic drugs belonging to neuroleptic class. Standard profiles were determined along BELSON'S Method (partially modified). Neuroleptic population is analysed according to two leading variables : desinhibiting action and powerful sedative action. The remaining variables are graded depending upon their binding with leading variable, we called them explanatory variables. Profile of drug is found along these explanatory variables. Results are set out with : list of decomposition with clauses, list of variables selected by method, dichotomic graphic, identification of drugs. Our purpose is to find objective tests, for classification of these therapeutic drugs. It must enable a best evaluation of indications and contra-indications, practice in every day.

Computers↗
PubMed1975

[Pharmacoclinical value of the study of lithium cycles during 24 hours].

One cannot base a posology only upon morning lithiemy which turns out to be an unreliable criterion. It is useful to appreciate therapy equilibration through lithiemic cycle i.e. and every two hours dosage among patients on lithium carbonate or gluconate. Certain patients with quite an insufficient lithiemic morning level may be well equilibrated during day time. Lithiemy variations during the day are constantly reliable with the same patient. The study of nycthemeral variations among lithium salts treated patients allows us to understand some pathological subphenomena : intermittent tremor, subconfusional transitory onsets. Lastly lithiemic cycles allow comparison between lithiemy variations in manic or depressive relapses.

Carbonates↗
PubMed1975

[Limits of efficacy and tolerance of antidepressive medications].

About 35 to 40 % of all depressions still resist antidepressants either imipraiminic or M.A.O.I. In some cases recourse to E.S.T. may even be required. Recurrent monopolar depressions, hypochondriac depressions in aged patients, depressive states in psychotic evolutions are among the most difficult to be treated. Some factors of resistance (such as side benefits) happen in reactive and neurotic depressions and are independent of the pharmacological action. Among the problems of tolerance that have not been completely solved it is interesting to note, in the case of the tricyclics, confusional states and the dangers of toxicity for the heart, and in the case of M.A.O.I. the numerous forbidden associations (such as morphine-like substances, tricyclics, sympathicomimetic drugs...). The new compounds with supposed antidepressive action, such as hypothalamic factors (T.R.H. or M.I.F.) or the 5 H.T.P. represent research hypotheses rather than safe ground of treatment. The problems of maximal doses and long-acting antidepressants are also discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗