PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Glomaud

Publications and source records attributed to D Glomaud.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Omeprazole for prophylaxis of acid aspiration in elective surgery.

The aim of the study was to determine whether a single oral dose of omeprazole 40 mg is effective in increasing the pH of gastric residue above 2.5 at the time of anaesthetic induction in adult patients scheduled for elective gynaecological surgery. The patients were allocated to receive either chlorazepate dipotassium 25 mg alone or omeprazole 40 mg and chlorazepate dipotassium 25 mg on the night before surgery. Gastric volume and pH were measured after induction of anaesthesia. Patients who received omeprazole had a higher mean pH than control patients (p less than 0.001). The pH was less than 3.5 in 50% of patients in the control group, but in only 4.5% of those who received omeprazole (p less than 0.01). Mean (SEM) volume of gastric fluid was 15.2 (2.7) ml in the control group and 9.2 (1.8) ml in the omeprazole group, but the results were not statistically significant. A single dose of 40 mg omeprazole significantly decreased the number of patients at risk of aspiration pneumonitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Changes in the pH and volume of gastric contents during pregnancy and labor].

We measured the volume and pH of gastric contents of 97 patients after induction of anaesthesia. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group I (N = 39): elective cesarean section, group II (N = 44): elective gynecological surgery, group III (N = 14): emergency cesarean section. The study was undertaken to ascertain whether pregnancy and labour would modify the volume and mean pH of gastric contents. Mean pH of gastric contents in the 3 groups were respectively 2.57; +/- 0.23; 3.21 +/- 0.29; and 2.77 +/- 0.42. There were no significant differences between the groups: Pregnancy and labour do not influence gastric pH. As far as gastric volume is concerned there is a significant difference between Group I and III (p less than 0.01) and Group II and III (p less than 0.01).

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental study of changes in the pressure of the posterior segment of the eye under general anesthesia. Consequences for surgery of the anterior segment].

Animal studies were conducted to compare variations in intraocular (IOP) and posterior segment pressure (PSP) during general anesthesia to assess the role of PSP in the development of anesthesia for ophthalmological procedures. Anesthetic agents appear to have a marked effect on IOP during operations involving opening of hypertonic globe or examinations of children under general anesthesia, but their action on IOP has no significance during procedures requiring opening of the anterior chamber because of alteration of aqueous humor physiology. The PSP, defined as pressure in the posterior segment when the anterior segment is at atmospheric pressure, is the main factor affecting surgical conditions, a rise in PSP possibly resulting in typical complications of cataract surgery but having beneficial effects in corneal grafts for example. Posterior segment pressure cannot be studied in humans and an experimental model using rabbits under artificial ventilation following tracheotomy after general anesthesia was developed. Pressure gauges recorded arterial and central venous pressures and were connected to needles inserted in both eyes to monitor IOP and PSP, the latter from a needle passed into the anterior chamber through the cornea, which was incised over the needle to enable permanent drainage of aqueous humor. All pressures were recorded simultaneously and no correlations were observed between IOP and PSP after pentobarbitone, neosynephrine, succinylcholine, or asphyxia (interruption of ventilation and curarization). These findings suggest that IOP is not a valid measurement for assessment of anesthetic techniques, whereas PSP provides a better guideline for development of ophthalmological anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1982

[Ionized plasma calcium variations and injection of radiologic contrast media].

Ionized serum calcium was determined, using a selective electrode, after administration of 80 ml of radiological contrast medium. The ionized calcium concentration was significantly diminished during five minutes after injection (control: 0,98 +/- 0,02 mmol/l; 3 min: 0,94 +/- 0,02 mmol/l, p less than 0,01; 5 min: 0,94 +/- 0,01 mmol/l, p less than 0.05). Determinations were also performed in vitro on whole blood and separated plasma after addition of contrast medium. These determinations revealed a direct interaction between ionized calcium and contrast medium and the importance of the delay after mixing. Clinical consequences under the conditions of the study are probably null but this secondary effect of the contrast medium can explain incidents or accidents observed during the first local circulation of contrast medium especially during coronarography.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

[Translumbar intra-aortography. Hemodynamic consequences (author's transl)].

The hemodynamic consequences of the translumbar intra-aortic injection of 80 ml of contrast media were studied in 28 patients, in whom cardiac output was determined using thermodilution. These measurements revealed that the vasoplegia produced by the intra-aortic injection of contrast media is of smaller amplitude and longer duration than that evidenced during regional flow determinations. Moreover, the decrease in vascular peripheral resistances and the increase in cardiac output, accompanied by bradycardia, persist for several minutes. These phenomenons are related to an increase in ventricular filling, resulting from the expansion of the intravascular compartment secondary to plasma hyperosmolality.

Aortography↗