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Biomedical subjects

D Goodwin

Publications and source records attributed to D Goodwin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

MR arthrography of the hip: improved imaging of the acetabular labrum with histologic correlation in cadavers.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to correlate findings on conventional MR imaging and MR arthrography of the hip with pathologic findings in cadavers with abnormal labra to determine (1) the efficacy of MR imaging in assessing labral degeneration, (2) whether delineation of the labrum from the joint capsule is possible, and (3) if the conspicuity of surface abnormalities of the labrum is improved by administering intraarticular contrast material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve cadaveric hip joints were obtained from elderly cadavers. Each hip was examined using fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled GRASS (gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state) (SPGR) imaging and T1-weighted spin-echo imaging before and after intraarticular injection of contrast material. Thirty-six labral sections (three from each hip joint) were evaluated histologically to determine the labral-capsular relationship, the presence of degeneration, and the configuration of the labral base. These findings were correlated with the results of a blinded MR evaluation of these sections. RESULTS: Delineation of the labrum from the adjacent joint capsule was possible on SPGR and T1-weighted MR arthrographic images (34 of 36 and 33 of 36 specimens, respectively), but was not consistently possible on standard SPGR and T1-weighted MR images (7 of 36 and 4 of 36 specimens, respectively). The sensitivities and specificities of the various MR sequences in evaluating labral degeneration varied from 50% to 67%, and from 25% to 94%. Increased signal at the base was common in both the normal (n = 12) and the abnormal (n = 24) labrum. CONCLUSION: Conspicuity of the acetabular labral complex is enhanced with the intraarticular administration of contrast material. Although MR arthrography did not improve our specificity for diagnosing labral degeneration, the detection of surface abnormalities, particularly those near the base, was significantly improved.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1989

Fenestration of tenosynovial capillaries.

A proportion of superficial capillaries in joint synovium are known to be fenestrated. The specialized functions of these fenestrated capillaries are unknown. We report the finding of fenestrae in tenosynovial capillaries from rabbit peroneal tendon sheaths. Fenestrations occupied 0.66% of the endothelial surface. Fenestrated capillaries appear to be a general feature of synovium, rather than a specific feature of joint tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Technetium-99m labeled monoclonal antibodies in the detection of metastatic melanoma.

Twenty-six stage II/III malignant melanoma patients with 321 measurable metastatic lesions were imaged using Fab fragments of an IgG murine monoclonal antibody labeled specifically with 10-30 mCi Tc-99m with a bi-functional chelating method (NeoRx, Seattle, WA). There were no side effects or adverse reactions. Immunoscintigraphy demonstrated 66.6% of lesions larger than 1 cm and 92.5% of lesions larger than 3 cm. Most frequently detected metastases were in lymph nodes, subcutaneous areas, and bone. Of lesions less than 1 cm, 23.6% were detected if superficial cutaneous lesions were excluded. The smallest detectable lesion was 4 mm. Twenty-one additional clinically unsuspected sites were visualized in 12 of the 26 patients studied. Of these, 56% were confirmed as metastasis by other tests. There were apparent nonspecific localizations owing to other causes, including fracture, varicosities, skin abscess and pneumonitis. Increased experience in image analysis facilitates correct interpretation of these localizations. This study demonstrates that imaging with Tc-99m labeled antibody fragments detects melanoma lesions in organs routinely surveyed and in other areas not routinely assessed by other imaging techniques. The procedure is readily performed and safe. The principal advantage of the test is its ability to survey the entire body and all organs with a single test. Its principal limitation, in common with other diagnostic imaging procedures, is its poor sensitivity for detecting lesions less than 1 cm.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. Relationship to psychological adjustment of children and families: a preliminary study.

The study investigated the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), the sensitivity of RAP children to a painful stimulus, and the attitudes shown by RAP mothers to issues of health and illness. Three groups of children were compared including two groups with RAP, one in which an organic cause for the pain was found, and one where no organic cause was identified. The third group consisted of pain-free children from the general community. No consistent patterns of differences was identified between the groups on the measures used. Possible reasons for the findings are discussed and recommendations made for further research in this area.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Problems associated with distinguishing between singlet oxygen and electron transfer photooxygenation reactions.

In the introduction a review is given of the various methods available for probing the mechanism of photooxygenation reactions. To illustrate the methodology, some new results on the photooxygenation of alpha-ketocarboxylic acids and esters is given in which it is shown that these compounds sensitise singlet oxygen formation but are relatively unreactive to this oxidising species. Alternative mechanistic schemes are proposed.

Carboxylic Acids↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacological, hematological, and physiological effects of a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (CGS-13080) during cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs.

The hematological and pharmacological effects of a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, CGS-13080 (imidazo[1,5-alpha]pyridine-5-hexanoic acid), were investigated during cardiopulmonary bypass in a blinded, randomized manner in dogs. Compared with placebo, CGS-13080 suppressed thrombin-stimulated platelet thromboxane B2 production by 90% during cardiopulmonary bypass (p less than .001), an effect that persisted for two hours after stopping the infusion. In the CGS-13080-treated group, plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels significantly increased over time (p less than .03) and were somewhat higher when compared with those in the placebo-treated group. This observation suggests that an "endoperoxide shunt" may have occurred. In the control group, an inverse correlation between platelet count and level of thromboxane B2 per platelet following in vitro thrombin stimulation (r = .5, p less than .001) was apparent, but there was no correlation between these two variables (r = .18, p less than .10) in the CGS-13080-treated group. No adverse hemodynamic or other effects attributable to CGS-13080 occurred during or immediately following cardiopulmonary bypass. These results suggest that CGS-13080 is an effective inhibitor of thromboxane B2 production during cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs and has no adverse physiological effects.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1984

Detection of coronary artery disease in aortic stenosis by exercise gated nuclear angiography.

Because the clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the presence of aortic stenosis (AS) is difficult, the value of exercise gated nuclear angiography in detecting CAD in 33 patients with AS was assessed. Exercise left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and wall motion analysis were evaluated after symptom-limited supine cycle ergometer exercise. Sixteen patients had severe AS (valve area 0.8 cm2 or less). Thirteen had significant associated CAD (50% or greater reduction in luminal diameter of 1 major coronary artery). Twenty patients had normal coronary arteriograms. All 10 patients with mild to moderate AS and normal coronary arteries had normal nuclear studies. Patients with CAD, regardless of the severity of AS, had a decrease in LVEF during exercise (12 of 13 patients) and regional wall motion abnormalities (11 of 13 patients). Abnormal exercise gated nuclear ventriculographic studies occurred in the absence of CAD in 10 of 20 patients, and all had severe AS (mean aortic valve area 0.8 cm2 or less, range 0.4 to 0.8). Ten had an abnormal LVEF response to exercise and 7 had exercise-induced abnormal wall motion. These findings suggest that the presence of an abnormal LVEF, whether in conjunction with an abnormal wall motion analysis, is indicative of further invasive evaluation; conversely, in those patients with a normal response of LVEF and normal wall motion during exertion, invasive studies may be safely deferred.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Use of specific antibody for rapid clearance of circulating blood background from radiolabeled tumor imaging proteins.

A major problem that arises when radiolabeled serum proteins are used for tumor imaging is the presence of a large amount of circulating background activity that persists for several days. This delays imaging for at least 2 days following injection and necessitates computer subtraction of simulated background (second radiopharmaceutical injection) which introduces artifacts that are difficult to control. We propose here the injection of specific antibody immediately before imaging as an alternate way of reducing blood background through clearance of the immune complex by the liver. 111In-alkyl human transferrin and IgG were injected IV in BALB/c tumor mice, and followed in 18 h by anti-human transferrin and anti-human IgG antibody IV. Two hours later, the tumor and organ distribution of activity was compared with control mice not receiving antibody. 111In-transferrin blood activity was reduced to 1/48 of control with no decrease in tumor concentration: as a result, the tumor to blood ratio increased from 1.4:1 to 78:1. 111In-IgG blood activity was reduced to 1/17 of control, again with no decrease in tumor. The tumor to blood ratios increased from 0.7:1 to 17:1. The liver picked up most of the blood activity with none of the complex going to spleen, bone marrow, or kidney. Dog experiments showed clearance of blood was 90% complete in less than 15 min following antibody injection. Simultaneous scintillation images showed complete clearance of activity from the heart and great vessels in the chest and neck, and over the abdomen, with a concomitant increase in liver activity but no increase in spleen, kidney, or bone marrow activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The white blood cell scan in orthopedics.

A new nuclear scanning technique was found more specific for bone, joint, and soft tissue infections than any previously described scanning technique. The leukocyte scan, whereby a patient's own cells are labeled with a radioactive tagging agent (111In oxine), can distinguish an active infectious process from other pain-inducing conditions. Ninety-seven 111In labeled autologous leukocyte scans were performed in 88 patients. The findings in 17 of 40 patients scanned for possible acute osteomyelitis, six of nine for suspected septic arthritis, and six for possible soft tissue infections, were positive. Subsequent clinical courses verified the infectious nature of these processes in all patients. Patients who had chronic osteomyelitis (14), bony metastases (four patients), heterotopic ossification (three), and degenerative arthritis (two) demonstrated negative findings. Of the seven patients scanned for acute long-bone fractures, one demonstrated positive findings. Nine scans demonstrated positive findings without determined causes. The leukocyte scan is a useful addition to the diagnostic tools of the orthopedic surgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Use of antisera against bovine (NCDV) and simian (SA11) rotaviruses in ELISA to detect different types of human rotavirus.

Two ELISA systems for the detection of human rotaviruses were developed. In the first system antibodies to Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) were used for coating the solid matrix and for the preparation of the enzyme conjugate. In the second system antibodies to human rotavirus and antibodies to simian rotavirus (SA11) were used for coating the solid matrix and for the preparation of the enzyme conjugate respectively. The second ELISA system proved to have a broader spectrum for the detection of human rotaviruses. By using the two ELISA systems, the different types of human rotavirus could be distinguished. The ELISA tests developed were 8 to 64 times as sensitive as electron microscopy (EM) and (or) counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). The antigen detected by ELISA was shown to be different from that detected by the hemagglutination test.

Animals↗