Biomedical subjects
D Gröschel
Publications and source records attributed to D Gröschel.
Detection by counterimmunoelectrophoresis of anti-Candida precipitins in sera from cancer patients.
Five antigen preparations from yeast-phase cells and hyphalphase cells of Candida albicans were used to detect antibodies in sera from cancer patients by use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Sera from uninfected patients, patients with superficial infections, and patients who had invasive or systemic candidiasis were analyzed for antibodies. A high incidence (27%) of false-negative data was obtained for patients who had systemic candidiasis. Serum titers of all patient groups were below 1:10. Of the antigens tested, cytoplasmic antigen from yeast-phase cells provided the greatest sensitivity and diagnostic value.
Radiometric method for determining the susceptibility of yeasts to 5-fluorocytosine.
A rapid method for determining the susceptibility of yeasts to 5-fluorocytosine by using the Bactec radiometric system is described.
Improved blood culture medium for radiometric detection of yeasts.
The influence of medium composition on the rate of CO2 production by yeasts in simulated blood cultures was determined in the Bactec radiometric system. A yeast nitrogen base broth containing [14C]glucose and Triton X-100 allowed the detection of positive cultures earlier than the regular Bactec blood culture media.
Blood cultures with the BACTEC 225 radiometric microbial growth detection system.
The BACTEC 225 automated radiometric blood culture system was compared with a conventional blood culture bottle method for its ability to improve the rapid laboratory diagnosis of bacteremia in cancer patients. The BACTEC 225, in combination with routine blind subcultures and smears of radiometrically negative culture vials, detected two thirds, of all positive cultures within 24 h and shortered the detection time generally by 24-48 h. With the recommended growth index setting of 30, radiometrically false-positive findings are rare and are usually due to leukocytosis resulting from infection or leukemia.
Amphotericin B susceptibility testing of yeasts with a bactec radiometric system.
The effect of amphotericin B on CO(2) production was studied using a Bactec 225. A radiometric procedure for yeast susceptibility testing that requires 3 h of incubation was developed. A total of 48 yeast isolates was tested in this system and the results were correlated to tube dilution studies. The drug concentration causing at least a 44% decrease in CO(2) production correlated to the tube dilution minimal inhibitory concentration in 85% of isolates tested and was within one tube dilution of the minimal inhibitory concentration in over 95% of yeasts tested.
Radiometric determination of the concentration of amphotericin B in body fluids.
A new assay was developed to determine the concentration of amphotericin B in body fluids. The Bactec radiometric system was used to measure CO(2) production by a test strain, Candida albicans MDA 448, in the presence of amphotericin B. After 5-h incubation, drug concentrations as low as 0.2 mug/ml could be detected. The results are comparable to those of the commonly used agar diffusion assay with Paecilomyces varioti.
Gas gangrene-like infection with Bacillus cereus in a lymphoma patient.
A patient with a diffuse histiocytic lymphoma developed an infection caused by Bacillus cereus during a period of induced granulocytopenia. A fulminant process resembling gas gangrene developed shortly after the accidental penetration by a small piece of metal into his right hand. Incision and drainage as well as antimicrobial therapy did not prevent the loss of the third, fourth and fifth fingers; however, localization and subsequent control of the infection was achieved concomitant with bone marrow recovery.
Fungemia due to Torulopsis glabrata in the compromised host.
Ten episodes of Torulopsis glabrata fungemia occurring in nine patients with terminal illnesses are described. Eight patients had underlying malignancies and one patient had a plastic anemia. Two episodes of fungemia were considered transient since they were clearly related to the administration of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Most patients were adult women and had solid tumors of the genitourinary tract. Contributory factors were: antibiotic therapy (100%), immunosuppressive drugs (75%), abdominal surgery (63%), IVH (50%), neutropenia (38%), and diabetes mellitus (13%). The clinical course was indistinguishable from a severe bacterial infection. However, endotoxic shock was not observed. The infection was rapidly fatal in four patients. In the remaining five patients, the infection was altered favorably by the discontinuation of infected intravenous hyperalimentation catheters. However, tissue invasion by T. glabrata was found in two of these patients who died shortly thereafter from tumor progression. At autopsy, T. glabrata was identified in tissue sections of the lungs, kidneys, and mucosas of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. In all cases there was tissue necrosis with a minor inflammatory response consisting of mononuclear cells. To our knowledge, this is the single largest series of T. glabrata fungemia ever reported.
Mycobacteriosis in patients with malignant disease.
Mycobacteriosis was found in 59 patients with malignant disease in a five-year period from 1968 to 1973. Thirty patients (51%) had mycobacteriosis that was caused by atypical mycobacteria. The most frequent organisms were Mycobacterium kansasii and M fortuitum. The most frequent tumors associated with mycobacteriosis were squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, testicular carcinoma, and lung carcinoma. The only predisposing factor was treatment with cancer chemotherapy. Mortality due to mycobacterial infections was most frequently associated with those infections caused by M tuberculosis. Although mycobacteriosis is relatively uncommon in cancer patients, if it is present, atypical mycobacteria should be looked for because, in these patients, these organisms cause more than 50% of mycobacteriosis.
Six-hour pigmentation test for the identification of Cryptococcus neoformans.
Cryptococcus neoformans colonies can be identified within 6 h using paper disks containing caffeic acid and ferric citrate. Indentification is based on the development of a dark brown pigment. Saprophytic Cryptococcus species and common clinically isolated yeasts do not develop the brown color. The concentration of the reagents and the method of storage of the impregnated paper disks are critical for the rapid and specific development of the pigment.
[Microbiological environmental studies in hospitals].
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Immunological evidence for the presence of smooth muscle-type contractile fibres in mouse macrophages.
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[Experiences with Freter's anaerobic chamber in the clinical laboratory].
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[The hospital physician and chemical disinfection. Theory and practice in USA (author's transl)].
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[Proceedings: general requirements to be satisfied by disinfectants and disinfection in hospitals of the American Society for Microbiology (author's transl)].
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[Antisepsis or hand disinfection? An American contribution to the definition (author'a transl)].
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[Acute anaerobes-osteomyelities following extraction of deciduous teeth].
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