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Biomedical subjects

D Gramellini

Publications and source records attributed to D Gramellini.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Ultrasound dating-curve analysis in the assessment of gestational age.

The accurate assessment of gestational age is very important in everyday practice. By the use of multiple regression analysis, in a longitudinal study, ultrasound dating-curves were calculated for the crown-rump length, biparietal diameter, femur length, humerus length, binocular distance and transverse cerebellar diameter. All the examined parameters showed a good statistical correlation with gestational age; however, the earlier the estimation of the gestational age, the more accurate it is. The crown-rump length has been shown as the best parameter during the first trimester. Later on, the other biometric parameters become easier and more reliable. If determination of gestational age is required during the third trimester, the use of multiple parameters is recommended.

Biometry↗
PubMed1993

Color Doppler ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of umbilical cord angiomyxoma. Case report.

A pregnant woman, at 28 weeks' gestation, has been observed ultrasonographically. A complex mass arising from the umbilical cord was detected. Color Doppler imaging demonstrated the vascular nature of the mass and the strictly connection with the three umbilical vessels. Color Doppler ultrasound provides useful informations for a correct assessment of the masses arising from the umbilical cord.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cerebral-umbilical Doppler ratio as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome.

Using a 3.5-MHz duplex Doppler system, 45 normal-growth and 45 growth-retarded fetuses were studied between 30-41 weeks' gestation. Velocity recordings were obtained from the middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery to calculate the ratio between the two pulsatility indexes. The cerebral-umbilical Doppler ratio is usually constant during the last 10 weeks of gestation. Therefore, a single cutoff value (1.08) was used, above which velocimetry was considered normal and below which it was considered abnormal. The cerebral-umbilical Doppler ratio provided a better predictor of small for gestational age newborns and adverse perinatal outcome than either the middle cerebral artery or umbilical artery alone. In fact, in predicting those newborns who were small for gestational age, the cerebral-umbilical ratio had a 70% diagnostic accuracy [(true positive + true negative)/total number of cases], compared with 54.4% for the middle cerebral artery and 65.5% for the umbilical artery. The results were more encouraging for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome; diagnostic accuracy for the cerebral-umbilical ratio was 90%, compared with 78.8% for the middle cerebral artery and 83.3% for the umbilical artery.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition by ethanol of the oxytocin response to breast stimulation in normal women and the role of endogenous opioids.

The possible inhibition exerted by ethanol on the oxytocin response to breast stimulation was tested in normal women. The possible role of endogenous opioids in the control of the oxytocin response to breast stimulation and/or ethanol action was also examined. Sixteen normal women were tested four times on the 22nd day of four consecutive regular menstrual cycles. All women underwent mechanical breast stimulation (for 10 min) with the concomitant administration of normal saline, naloxone (2 or 4 mg in an iv bolus plus 5 or 10 mg over 16 min), ethanol (50 ml in 110 ml of whisky po) or the combination of ethanol and naloxone. Plasma oxytocin levels rose about twofold after breast stimulation, with a mean peak response at 10 min. The oxytocin response to breast stimulation was not changed by the treatment with the lower (2 plus 5 mg) or the higher (4 plus 10 mg) dose of naloxone, whereas it was completely abolished by ethanol. However, when ethanol was given together with naloxone, the oxytocin rise induced by breast stimulation was only partially inhibited by ethanol (the mean oxytocin peak was 50% higher than baseline). At both doses naloxone produced similar effects. These data demonstrate that ethanol inhibits the oxytocin response to breast stimulation. Naloxone sensitive endogenous opioids do not appear to be involved in the control of the oxytocin rise induced by breast stimulation. In contrast, since naloxone partially reversed the inhibiting effects of ethanol, a partial involvement of opioid peptides in ethanol action is supposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Oxytocin does not modify the prolactin response to metoclopramide in normal women.

The present study was undertaken in order to establish whether oxytocin (OT) affects the dopaminergic control of PRL secretion in normal women during follicular, periovulatory and luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. For this purpose, 22 normal women were tested with a lower (1 mg) or higher (10 mg) dose of the dopaminergic antagonist metoclopramide (MCP) with or without the concurrent treatment with OT (2 IU injected plus 0.033 IU/min infused for 2 h). Since OT was found unable to modify the effect of either 1 or 10 mg MCP, in additional experiments the same doses of MCP and OT were administered after dopamine (0.04 micrograms/kg/min for 2 h) infusion. Also in these experimental conditions OT failed to modify the PRL response to MCP. These data argue against a role of OT in modulation of the dopaminergic control of PRL secretion in normal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Arginine vasopressin secretion in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Arginine vasopressin responses to osmotic (0.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 NaCl), orthostatic (standing upright and maintenance of orthostatic position for 20 min), and hypoglycemic (0.15 IU/kg insulin) stimuli were evaluated in women with polycystic ovaries and in normal subjects. Blood dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, testosterone, cortisol, and endogenous insulin levels were significantly higher in women with polycystic ovaries than in controls, whereas estrone, estradiol-17 beta, progesterone and 17OH-progesterone concentrations were normal in all subjects. Arginine vasopressin basal levels (mean +/- SEM of 3 test days; women with polycystic ovaries: 2.8 +/- 0.2 pmol/l; controls: 2.7 +/- 0.2 pmol/l) and secretory responses to orthostatic (mean peaks 100% higher than baseline values) and to hypertonic (130% increments) stimuli were similar in the two groups. Arginine vasopressin responses to hypoglycemia were lower in women with polycystic ovaries (50% increment) than in controls (150% increment), although comparable blood glucose decrements and GH or cortisol increments were found in the two groups. Arginine vasopressin peak responses to hypoglycemia were negatively correlated to testosterone, androstenedione, and endogenous insulin levels, but did not correlate with basal and hypoglycemia-induced peak cortisol concentrations or with circulating levels of other steroids. These data indicate a hypothalamic posterior pituitary disorder affecting arginine vasopressin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in women with polycystic ovaries syndrome associated with elevated blood androgen and insulin concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal ovarian cysts].

A clinical case of fetal ovarian cyst diagnosed at the 22nd week of pregnancy and disappearing at the 34th week is reported. The echographic and clinical criteria underlying diagnosis and obstetrical conduct in cases of fetal abdominal tumescence of probable ovarian origin are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1985

[Echographic diagnosis of gestational age and law 194].

The authors examine the various biometrics parameters evidentiable at the 13th week of pregnancy, which is so important age for the limits imposed by the law 194, that regulates the legal abortion. These findings are studied as for their evidentiability and their diagnostic predictivity aiming to single out the most reliable. As for the results obtained examining the singular parameters, the authors conclude that the goal of the echographist is to search for the fetal CRL and BPD: they are characterised of an optimum predictivity and a good evidentiability, besides they provide direct data about the embryo dimensions. If these measurements are not evidentiable the operator can base his diagnosis on the other parameters that do not refer directly to the embryo. At last the authors sustain that who carried out the ultrasound examination should not "force" the diagnosis trying to establish the gestational age with excessive exactness; on the contrary he must limit himself to provide the evidentiable biometric values, indicating the minimum and the maximum age that is compatible with them. It is up to the physician who performs the termination of pregnancy to draw the correlations about the gestational age.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1984

[Ultrasound in the study of the functional dynamics of the female genitalia].

The Authors have carried out this survey aiming at having at their disposal biometric indexes to be used in the dynamic and functional study of the female genitalia, since the purely anatomic data cannot be correlated white absolute certainty to the ultrasound data. The survey has been carried out on 42 women of an age between early childhood and late menopause. The patients in their fertile age were examined every other day, from the 10th day of the menstrual cycle; women in menopause or in their pre-puberal age were examined only once, to a total of 158 scans. In each woman the linear and volumetric measurement of the uterus, ovary, ovarian follicle and of the tube has been studied. The results were in conformity with those already reported in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Volumetric growth of the gestational sac: reliability and clinical limits].

Thanks to the continuous progress of the ultrasound scanning in obstetrics it is now possible to see the gestation sac already the 5th week of the pregnancy. Aiming to simplify the methods, of the past, the authors suggest the utilisation of a very simple but at the same time extremely accurate methodology to measure the volume of the gestational sac. The comparison between the data which have been obtained with this study and those reported in the literature showed a substantial uniformity, though the results came from different procedure. At the end of the study, the uses of this parameter as well as its application in the solution of that particular problem in the ultrasound diagnosis which is the "blighted ovum" are explained.

Female↗
PubMed1982

[Echographic diagnosis of fetal malformations].

The Authors report their experience about ultrasound diagnosis of congenital anomalies, related to 15 cases from approximately 4000 gravides. They emphasize the impossibility to carry out total antenatal population screening by sonar and the usefulness to carefully select the gravidas at high risk for harboring a fetus with a birth defect. They also suggest that, in looking for physical defects, it is best to make ultrasound examination at 17a-18a weeks' gestation; at this moment, the ultrasound evaluation is particularly favorable for diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Thermal therapy in gynecology].

The Authors consider the importance of Thermal Therapy in a large part of gynaecological diseases. They emphasize of its utility mostly in the chronic flogosis of the female genitalia. However other indications emerged from this research, such as female sterility, pelvic vascular disease, climaterie syndrome and post-operatory affects.

Balneology↗
PubMed1978

[Behavior of the bi-parietal diameter (BPD) and antero-posterior diameter of the abdomen (APDA) in insufficient intrauterine development of the fetus: preliminary notes].

Considering the PIFG ultrasonic diagnosis limitations bu the only Biparietal Diameter (BPD) estimation, the autors test the possibilities of a new technique: the serial measurement of Antero-Posterior Diameter of Abdomen (APAD) and especially the head/abdomen diameters ratio. The preliminary data are enough confortable allowing us to improve considerably the success in PIFG diagnosis (44,44% to 80%).

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

[Percentile trends in BPD (biparietal diameter) development: reliability in the diagnosis of PIFG (poor intrauterine fetal growth) (author's transl)].

The use of BPD percentile trends allows us to improve the diagnosis of PIFG in comparison with the average +/- 2SD (from 44,44% to 65,71%). SGA distribution study related to 10th percentile and delivery period confirms the existence of two different SGA groups. They have different characteristics related to the moment of the beginning of the pathological manifestations.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1977

[Prognostic value of echography in threatened abortion].

After a short description of the most important echographic pictures for diagnosis of spontaneous abortion in the first trimester, the clinical development in 89 patients with threatened abortion symptoms, is examined. The interruption of pregnancy has been predicted in 97,05% of the cases resulted in abortion and normal prosecution of pregnancy in 98,18% with regular outcome. These results are very reassuring and no doubt more reliable than pregnancy-test, which for its prompt applicability, may be compared with echographic examination.

Abortion, Threatened↗