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Biomedical subjects

D Graybill

Publications and source records attributed to D Graybill.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Prediction of adolescent aggression by childhood personality measures: a comparison of projective procedures, self-report tests, and behavior ratings.

Projective procedures, self-report measures, and teacher behavior ratings were compared as to which type of assessment best predicted adolescent aggressive behavior 6 years after they were administered. A questionnaire that assesses aggressive behavior was given to 125 adolescents in grades seven through twelve who had been administered a variety of projective, self-report, and teacher ratings of aggression 5 years earlier. Their parents were given the same questionnaire. Controlling for sex, age, and academic ability, the results indicated that children's scores on the projective measures predicted aggressive behaviors 5 years later. In addition, projective procedures were at least as valid as the other types of assessments in predicting aggressive behaviors. Results suggest that criticisms of projective procedures may be addressed with continued efforts to evaluate their validity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Finkelhor's Risk Factor Checklist: a cross-validation study.

Finkelhor's (1979) Risk Factor Checklist factors were reexamined as predictors of childhood sexual abuse. Special procedures were employed, designed to facilitate a high degree of honest and diligent task implementation by the female college students who served as subjects, and to provide strong ethical safeguards for them. Results indicated (a) that subjects reported a relatively high incidence, 24.3%, of childhood sexual abuse; and (b) that the eight factors comprising the Risk Factor Checklist, employed individually and collectively, did not strongly and significantly predict sexual victimization. Only one factor, low family income, proved predictive, while three others showed trends in the predicted direction. Results sound a cautionary note regarding our ability to actuarially predict childhood sexual victimization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of MMPI-2 scores of foreign Chinese and Caucasian-American students.

MMPI-2 scores of foreign Chinese students (n = 25) were compared to those of a matched sample of Caucasian students (n = 21) and to normative data on American college students. Although responses for all groups were within normal limits, Chinese men appeared more socially introverted than Caucasian men. Relative to Caucasian women, Chinese women were more defensive, depressed, unaware of somatic and psychosocial problems, and gender astereotypic in interests. These tentative findings are discussed in terms of ethnicity and adjustment.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1993

Validity of the Children's Picture-Frustration Study: a social-cognitive perspective.

We used three studies to examine the validity of hostility scores from the Children's Form of the Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study in the context of Dodge's (1986) social information-processing model of aggression. Dodge's theory states that frustration results in retaliatory aggression only if the frustrated individual attributes hostile intent to the frustrator. Further, differences between aggressive and nonaggressive children in retaliatory aggression are more likely when the frustrator's intent is ambiguous than when the frustrator's intent is clear. In Study 1, items on the Children's P-F Study were rated by 237 children according to how mean they believed the frustrator in each item was. Results showed that items varied significantly in the amount of hostility portrayed. On the basis of these ratings, items were divided into those in which the intent was hostile, nonhostile, or ambiguous. In Studies 2 and 3, we tested Dodge's theory that differences between aggressive and nonaggressive children would be revealed on those items in which the frustrator's intention is ambiguous. In both studies, teacher's ratings of children's retaliatory aggression correlated significantly with the scale comprised of the ambiguous items but not with the scales comprised of the hostile or nonhostile items. The results provide further support to Dodge's theory of aggression and to the use of the Children's P-F Study within a social-cognitive perspective.

Aggression↗
PubMed1993

A longitudinal study of changes in children's thought content in response to frustration on the Children's Picture-Frustration Study.

A longitudinal design examined changes in the 11 response types on the Children's Form of the Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study. Eighty-six children were retested on the instrument after a 5-year interim. Children showed changes reflecting an increase in verbal aggression and an increase in making amends for wrongdoing. They showed decreases in unfocused emotional outbursts and apologies. The findings add to the literature on children's emotional development of aggression and guilt and on the validity of the instrument.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Relationship of the children's form of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study to children's behavior, gender, and fantasies.

To examine the validity of the Children's Form of the Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, the instrument was administered to 245 children in Grades 1 through 6. Children were also administered the Make A Picture Story (MAPS) and the Response Hierarchy Measure. Teachers rated children's aggression on the Conners Teacher Rating Scale. Hostile responses on the P-F Study were related to self-reported verbal and physical aggression in conflict situations but were unrelated to teachers' ratings of aggressive behavior. Hostile responses were exhibited more often by boys than girls. Responses on the measure were related to children's fantasy patterns. Results supported the validity of the P-F Study as a measure of children's thought content in response to frustration.

Aggression↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of children's fantasies with the Make a Picture Story: validity and norms.

One purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Make A Picture Story (MAPS) for assessment of children's fantasies. Children from a university laboratory school who were exhibiting good adjustment comprised our first sample. The second sample was composed of children from special education classes who were experiencing behavioral and/or academic difficulties. Children told stories to seven MAPS backgrounds. Stories created by special education children contained more dysphoric and fanciful fantasies than did nonproblem children's stories. Behavior disordered children had more aggressive fantasies in their stories than did nonproblem and learning disabled children. Another purpose of this study was to provide norms for children's choice of figures, number of figures used, moving and adding figures, story length, and choice of backgrounds. These norms should facilitate clinicians' interpretations of children's responses to the MAPS.

Affect↗
PubMed1990

Developmental changes in the response types versus aggression categories on the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study, Children's Form.

To examine the developmental changes on the Children's Form of the Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, the instrument was administered to 291 children between the ages of 6 and 13, from two schools. Developmental changes in the 11 response types were compared with changes in the six aggression category scores, which were combinations of the 11 response types. In contrast to the findings for the aggression categories, changes in the response types were consistent with developmental research on children's aggression. The findings supported the validity of the P-F Study as a measure of children's thought content in response to frustration and supported previous research indicating that the response types may be more meaningful data from the instrument than from the aggression category scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Variability of responses within the aggression categories on the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study, Children's Form.

This study examined whether the procedure for combining scores to make aggression categories on the Children's Form of the Picture-Frustration Study is psychometrically sound. Subjects were 245 children from Grades 1 through 6. Their responses were rated according to the 11 kinds of responses defined in the manual (Rosenzweig, 1978c). Results indicated that most of the scores did not correlate with their corresponding categories. Thus, the way scores are combined into aggression categories may be invalid, because they seem to be combinations of very dissimilar kinds of responses to frustration. Until psychometrically sound and empirically validated ways of combining the 11 scores are determined, it is recommended that the 11 scores themselves be used for clinical and research purposes.

Aggression↗
PubMed1989

Deprivation/enhancement fantasy patterns in children.

Previous studies have shown that females tell stories that change from negative experiences (deprivation) to positive experiences (enhancement) and males tell stories that change in the opposite direction. The current study examines this phenomenon in children using a different story-telling procedure. Results were not consistent with those of previous studies.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Attitude similarity and satisfaction of family members of schizophrenics with services of a professional.

Examined a hypothesis that satisfaction with professionals among families of schizophrenics varies as a function of how similar the professionals' attitudes about schizophrenia are to the family members' attitudes. Twenty-eight family members of individuals diagnosed by DSM-III criteria as having schizophrenia completed a questionnaire that assessed their attitudes with regard to causes and treatments of schizophrenia. Ss then were mailed a completed questionnaire and were asked to indicate how satisfied they would be working with a person who held the attitudes expressed in the questionnaire. In the attitude-similar condition, the questionnaire was 90% in agreement with their own attitudes, and in the attitude-discrepant condition, the questionnaire was 10% in agreement. Responses were received from 21 family members. Results supported the hypothesis; family members in the attitude-similar condition reported that they would be more satisfied with the professional than did family members in the attitude-discrepant condition. Implications for work with families of schizophrenics are discussed.

Adult↗