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Biomedical subjects

D H Barad

Publications and source records attributed to D H Barad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Habitual tea consumption and risk of osteoporosis: a prospective study in the women's health initiative observational cohort.

The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate associations of habitual drinking of regular tea with bone mineral density and fracture risk. Study participants were a multiethnic postmenopausal cohort (n = 91,465) from the nationwide Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. These women were recruited in the United States and aged 50-79 years at the time of enrollment (1994-1998). The average follow-up time was 4.1 years. Habitual consumption of regular tea was assessed with a structured questionnaire at baseline. Clinical fractures during the follow-up were reported in questionnaires, and hip fractures were further confirmed by reviewing medical records. Bone mineral density measurements were conducted among a subgroup of women (n = 4,979) at three Women's Health Initiative bone mineral density centers using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate analyses suggested a positive trend of increased total body bone mineral density with tea drinking (p < 0.05). However, results from the Cox proportional hazard models did not show any significant association between tea drinking and the risk of fractures at the hip and forearm/wrist. In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that the effect of habitual tea drinking on bone density is small and does not significantly alter the risk of fractures among the US postmenopausal population.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Modified open laparoscopy through placement of an optical surgical obturator.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new technique for open laparoscopy. DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: Ambulatory surgical unit. PATIENT(S): Fifty-six women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization. INTERVENTION(S): Intra-abdominal placement of an optical surgical obturator. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Evaluation of surgical technique. RESULT(S): The technique was completed successfully in all cases. CONCLUSION(S): This new surgical approach may assist surgeons in avoiding inadvertent injuries.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Abnormal sperm morphology is highly predictive of pregnancy outcome during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of a modified form of Kruger's strict criteria for sperm morphology for pregnancy outcomes after intrauterine insemination (IUI) and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in the presence of normal sperm concentration and motility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 42 couples undergoing COH/IUI was stratified by favorable or unfavorable sperm morphology. End points were pregnancy or failure of treatment as defined by four or more cycles of COH/ IUI without pregnancy. RESULTS: An unfavorable morphology (< 4%) was highly predictive of failure during COH-IUI (94.45%; 17/18). A normal PIF was a sensitive indicator of those patients who became pregnant (93.8%; 15/16) and had a fair specificity for failure to achieve pregnancy after four cycles of treatment (65.4%; 17/26). Couples with a favorable sperm morphology were 28.3 times as likely to achieve a pregnancy within four cycles of treatment as those with unfavorable sperm morphology [95% confidence limits, 3.2 to 250.5; P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal strict morphologic assessment is both sensitive and specific for pregnancy outcomes in couples undergoing COH/IUI. Couples with persistently unfavorable sperm morphology should be counseled appropriately and would be better served by more aggressive treatment with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Semen analyses in 1,283 men from the United States over a 25-year period: no decline in quality.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether semen quality has changed in the United States over the last 25 years. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Three U.S. sperm banks, Cryogenic Laboratories, Inc. (Roseville, Minnesota), Idant Laboratories (New York, New York), and California Cryobank, Inc. (Los Angeles, California). INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age at sample collection, sperm concentration, volume, motility, and days of abstinence before sample collection were determined for each man. Linear and multiple regression analyses were used to assess changes in these characteristics over time. RESULTS: Controlling for the effects of age and duration of abstinence, there was a slight but significant increase in mean sperm concentration but no change in either motility or semen volume over the 25-year period. Both sperm motility and semen volume decreased with increasing age at sample collection. Both sperm concentration and semen volume increased as a function of duration of abstinence. There were significant differences in mean (+/- SEM) sperm concentrations (10(6) sperm/mL) and motilities between the different sperm banks with California lowest (72.7 +/- 3.1, 51.4% +/- 1.1%, respectively), Minnesota higher (100.8 +/- 2.9, 56.0%, respectively), and New York highest (131.5 +/- 3.5, 58.2% +/- 0.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show no decline in sperm counts over a 25-year period in 1,283 men who banked sperm before vasectomy at three distinct geographical sites in the United States.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Visually guided trocar entry: experience with the optical trocar.

Blind insertion of the Veressneedle and the conventional primary trocar have remained troublesome steps during laparoscopic surgical procedures. The standard primary trocar can be inserted directly without preexisting pneumoperitoneum, thus avoiding use of the Veressneedle. This approach still requires blind insertion, and inadvertent traumatic injuries have been reported.' Complications from such trocar insertions can be severe and at times lethal. Although the rate of such complications is acknowledged to be small, the ab- solute number becomes a relevant public health issue in light ofthe high frequency of both operative and di- agnostic laparoscopic procedures worldwide. Traumatic injuries to vessels, bowel, and other abdominal or- gans continue to occur despite proper surgical training, operator experience, and use of up-to-date equipment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Abdominal wall stability: a comparison of the optical trocar with a reusable laparoscopic trocar.

The principal reason for employing an optical trocar has been described by Kaali.' The potential clinical benefits of a visually directed trocar entry system have been identified in a follow-up clinical series. 2 Current experience with the commercially developed Endopath Opt.iview" trocar has suggested an ad- ditional surgical advantage through an enhanced abdominal wall stability of the trocar sheath. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether or not this clinical observation could be mechanically quantified.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Basal serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels as predictors of pregnancy in unstimulated donor insemination cycles.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of basal serum follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels in predicting pregnancy in women undergoing artificial insemination with donor sperm for severe male factor infertility. METHOD: A retrospective chart review of 48 women who had at least 2 cycles of artificial insemination with donor sperm and who had undergone testing for basal serum follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels prior to or during therapy. RESULTS: There was no difference in age or mean basal serum follicle stimulating hormone between women who conceived (clinical pregnancy) and those who did not. Women who conceived had significantly lower mean serum basal estradiol levels (P = 0.02) and significantly fewer numbers of treatment cycles (P = 0.041). The highest pregnancy rate was among those women with normal basal serum follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed basal serum estradiol to be a more reliable predictor of pregnancy than follicle stimulating hormone. CONCLUSIONS: Basal serum follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels may be useful in predicting success with artificial insemination with donor sperm. It may be useful to obtain basal serum follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol prior to initiating artificial insemination with donor sperm.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of smoking on the levels of antioxidant beta carotene, alpha tocopherol and retinol in human ovarian follicular fluid.

The concentrations of beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography in ovarian follicular fluid and plasma samples collected at the time of oocyte recovery from patients enrolled in our in vitro fertilization program. The mean beta-carotene levels in follicular fluid [0.182 +/- (SEM) 0.04 nmol/ml] and plasma (0.37 +/- 0.34 mmol/ml) of smokers (n = 5) were significantly (p < 0.025 and p < 0.001, respectively) lower compared with the mean levels in follicular fluid (0.58 +/- 0.10 nmol/ml) and plasma (1.11 +/- 0.09 mmol/ml) in nonsmokers (n = 11). The follicular fluid and plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol levels were comparable among the nonsmokers and smokers. These findings direct attention to a possible role of the antioxidant beta-carotene, per se, as a biological marker in ovarian oocyte follicular maturation and function.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of visual and tactile localization of the trocar tip during abdominal entry.

We attempted to determine whether video-aided visual imaging during laparoscopic insertion of the trocar would improve the surgeon's ability to localize the sharp penetrating tip of the instrument. A newly described, visually directed laparoscopic trocar was inserted in 184 subjects to correlate visual localization of the tip with the accuracy of the conventional tactile sensory approach. In 164 of the 184 cases the fascia was recognized visually at the same time that the surgeon acknowledged tactile resistance. However, partial intraabdominal penetration was noted in 102 of these cases just before the anticipated loss of resistance could be felt manually. More important, in 20 women there was no subjective manual confirmation of the tip location by the time intraabdominal placement of the trocar was confirmed visually. In this limited series there were no multiple insertions or complications under visually directed trocar entry. Video-aided direct visualization improves the surgeon's ability to localize the tip of the trocar throughout the insertion. It may help the surgeon to recognize and possibly avoid some inadvertent distant intraabdominal organ injuries.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1993

Management of endometriosis in women older than 40 years of age.

Endometriosis in women older than 40 years of age presents unique therapeutic challenges to the practicing physician. Management requires the evaluation of reproductive goals and a determination of the objectives of therapy, including symptomatic relief and avoidance or delay of recurrence of disease. Important considerations in this age group include diminished fertility and impending menopause. The diagnosis and treatment for endometriosis-associated infertility must be undertaken in an expedient manner. Assisted reproductive technologies may be effective therapies for these patients. Conservative surgery may be necessary to preserve reproductive potential, but definitive surgery may be indicated in women with long-standing pelvic pain. Estrogen replacement therapy may be used in menopausal women with a history of endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of bowel injury due to dense adhesions at the sight of direct trocar insertion.

A retrospective review of 4,532 outpatient laparoscopic procedures was conducted to determine the frequency of dense bowel adhesions at the level of the umbilicus. The umbilicus is the classical site of entry for the laparoscopic trocar. Using direct trocar insertion in all cases we encountered four bowel injuries. Bowel adhesion to the insertion site was noted in one case.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Infertility surgery by laparotomy.

Infertility surgeons who once exclusively used microsurgical techniques are now turning more and more to endoscopy. Although there are still few reports comparing laparotomy and endoscopic surgery, many of the series reported on in the last year used life-table analysis, which facilitates comparison. Many of the reports in the last year examined the efficacy of infertility surgery in women over the age of 40. This trend is likely to continue as the reproductive population ages. In the future, assisted reproductive technologies will represent the greatest challenge to all pelvic reconstructive surgery.

Endometriosis↗