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Biomedical subjects

D H Cowan

Publications and source records attributed to D H Cowan.

80 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

The influence of morphology on prognosis in acute leukemia.

The presence of definite cytoplasmic granulation in at least some of the malignant cells was used as the sole criterion to separate 156 patients with acute leukemia into two groups: 110 with myeloblastic (AML), and 46 with lymphoblastic or stem cell leukemia (ALL). The median survival from the onset of symptoms in patients with AML was 20 weeks, and those with ALL 37 weeks. The difference in survival in these two groups is much greater for patients under the age of 25 than for those over the age of 25.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A single dose of ethanol suppresses rat embryo development in vivo.

In humans and animal models, maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy results in a variety of fetal defects collectively termed the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Limited follow-up studies suggest that FAS children fail to achieve normal physical or mental development despite significant postnatal intervention. Although the complete FAS appears to result only when chronic, excessive alcohol consumption occurs throughout pregnancy, several investigators have suggested that ethanol consumption at intermediate levels may induce components of FAS. The defect most consistently observed in neonates exposed to ethanol is growth retardation. Even those children whose mothers consume limited amounts of ethanol during pregnancy have a significant incidence of fetal growth deficiency. We now report that a single dose of ethanol administered to female Holtzman rats within 8 hr after mating results in a dose-dependent retardation of cell division in the fertilized ova. The growth retardation is sustained up to 42 hr after the dose and the embryos of young mothers are especially sensitive to ethanol. Animals with high blood alcohol levels (greater than 150 mg/100 ml) show a significant increase in abnormal embryo morphology. These data suggest that maternal consumption of a single dose of ethanol near the time sustained up to 42 hr after the dose and the embryos of young mothers are especially sensitive to ethanol. Animals with high blood alcohol levels (greater than 150 mg/100 ml) show a significant increase in abnormal embryo morphology. These data suggest that maternal consumption of a single dose of ethanol near the time of conception retards embryonic growth and may be detrimental to the developing organism. Further, young female rats receiving a high dose of ethanol had significantly lower uterine weights and a lower number of corpora lutea per ovary, suggesting that a single dose of ethanol has a detrimental effect on maternal reproductive ability.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Remission maintenance of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia with BCNU (NSC-409962) and cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271).

Thirteen of 29 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia achieved complete remission with cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, and vincristine, and remissions were maintained with a combination of BCNU and cyclophosphamide. The maintenance drugs (200 and 1000 mg/m respectively) were given at 8-week intervals intravenously. Only six of the 13 patients achieving a complete remission have relapsed. The projected median duration of complete remission is 65 weeks and of survival from diagnosis is 144 weeks. These remission and survival durations compare favorably with the results achieved using other forms of remission-maintenance therapy. The advantage of our form of maintenance therapy is that only overnight hospitalization is required at 8-week intervals.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple myeloma and amyloid bone lesions complicating rheumatoid arthritis.

Multiple myeloma developed in a woman with a 7-year history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An unexpected finding was the presence of massive amyloid deposits in the left femur and traces of amyloid in the synovium. Detailed histopathologic studies, however, conclusively excluded amyloid arthropathy. Although definitive tissue classification was not possible, this patient in all likelihood had 2 types of amyloid: massive bone lesions of myeloma-associated (AL) amyloid, and focal subsynovial deposits of RA-associated secondary (AA) amyloid.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DTIC therapy in metastatic malignant melanoma: a simplified dose schedule.

Ninety-seven patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with DTIC, 850 mg/m2 given in single doses at 3--6 week intervals, either alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) and vincristine (2 mg/m2) (DCV). Eighteen patients (19%) had objective disease regression, with a median response duration of 151 days. There was no difference in response rate, response duration, or survival between the group treated with DTIC alone and the group treated with DCV but there was greater gastrointestinal and hematopoietic toxicity in the DCV group. Tumor regression with this single-dose DTIC regimen is similar to that obtained with 5-day courses of DTIC and toxicity is not increased.

Adult↗