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Biomedical subjects

D H Hayes

Publications and source records attributed to D H Hayes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy in 210 consecutive patients: outcomes, cost, and changes in practice patterns.

BACKGROUND: Initially slow to gain widespread acceptance within the urological community, laparoscopic nephrectomy is now becoming the standard of care in many centers. Our institution has seen a dramatic transformation in practice patterns and patient outcomes in the 2 years following the introduction of laparoscopic nephrectomy. We compare the experience with laparoscopic and open nephrectomy within a single medical center. METHODS: Data were collected for all patients undergoing elective nephrectomy (live donor, radical, simple, partial, and nephroureterectomy) between August 1998 and September 2002. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum, chi-square, and Fisher's exact test. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Of the patients, 92 underwent open nephrectomy, and 118 were treated laparoscopically (87 hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy, 31 totally laparoscopic). There was one conversion (0.8%). Patient demographics and indications for surgery were equivalent for both groups. Mean operative time for laparoscopic nephrectomy (230 min) was longer than for open (187 min, p = 0.0001). Blood loss (97 ml vs 216 ml, p = 0.0001), length of stay (3.9 days vs 5.9 days, p = 0.0001), perioperative morbidity (14% vs 31%, p = 0.01), and wound complications (6.8% vs 27.1%, p = 0.0001) were all significantly less for laparoscopic nephrectomy. For live donors, time to convalescence was less (12 days vs 33 days, p = 0.02), but hospital charges were more for patients treated laparoscopically (19,007 dollars vs 13,581 dollars, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic nephrectomy results in less blood loss, fewer hospital days, fewer complications, and more rapid recovery than open surgery. We believe that these benefits outweigh the higher hospital charges associated with the laparoscopic approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Left gastric artery as an alternative for arterial reconstruction in orthotopic liver transplantation.

The hepatic arterial blood supply is indispensable for the survival of the graft during liver transplantation. Inadequacies in the recipient hepatic artery mandate arterial reconstruction different from the preferred method of direct anastomosis. We report the use of the left gastric artery as an attractive alternative for reconstructing the arterial blood supply of a transplanted liver.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Dosage compensation in Drosophila: the X-chromosomal binding of MSL-1 and MLE is dependent on Sxl activity.

In Drosophila, dosage compensation, i.e. the equalization of levels of X-linked gene products in the two sexes, is achieved by the hypertranscription of most X-linked genes in males relative to females. The products of at least four genes, collectively termed male-specific lethal (msl) genes, are required for this process and, at least in the case of three of them, mediate this function through an association with the X chromosome in males. We have studied some of the parameters that affect the association of the msl-1 gene product and found that its presence is dependent on the wild-type function of the other three genes, leading to the conclusion that these gene products contribute to the formation of a multi-subunit complex. Furthermore, the X-chromosomal association of the msl-1 and mle gene products is negatively correlated with the level of function of the master regulatory gene Sxl and can assume either a mosaic or a uniform distribution in the tissues of mutant XX individuals. Surprisingly, we also found that the association of these two msl gene products with the two X chromosomes in females of certain mutant genotypes does not result in the hypertranscription of X-linked genes or in any apparent reduction in viability.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia: a controversial indication for orthotopic liver transplantation.

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is an uncommon cause of portal hypertension. Patients with nodular regenerative hyperplasia have signs and symptoms of portal hypertension, without evidence of hepatocellular failure or encephalopathy. We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with recurrent esophageal bleeding and refractory ascites who had a history of hemosiderosis, hepatitis C, and chronic renal allograft rejection. Our preoperative diagnosis was cirrhotic end-stage liver disease and end-stage renal disease for which the patient underwent combined hepatic and renal transplantation. Her portal hypertension symptoms resolved, and her renal function has been normal for 18 months of follow-up. Histologic examination of the liver revealed nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and a review of the literature regarding the surgical management of patients with nodular regenerative hyperplasia revealed that various shunting procedures are generally recommended. After the failure of medical management in patients with nodular regenerative hyperplasia, portosystemic shunting may be indicated before proceeding to hepatic transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Liver transplantation in patients with situs inversus.

Situs inversus has been considered an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation due to technical difficulties. Associated vascular malformation and distorted anatomy may make the procedure even more complicated or impossible. Only three cases of patients with abdominal situs inversus who underwent successful liver transplantation have been reported in the English literature. We describe two additional patients with situs inversus who suffered from biliary atresia and underwent successful liver transplantation. The preoperative evaluation and the operative procedure are presented, and technical difficulties are discussed. Since biliary atresia is associated with polysplenia syndrome, including vascular malformation and visceral malposition, we suggest that each case be extensively evaluated preoperatively to determine the size requirement for the donor liver and the feasibility of reconstruction.

Biliary Atresia↗
PubMed1993

Protocol Doppler color flow imaging immediately after kidney transplantation.

Doppler color flow imaging has been used to identify obstruction, rejection, and nonfunctioning renal allografts. When done in the immediate posttransplant period on poorly functioning kidneys, it allows early and accurate detection of surgically correctable changes such as arterial or venous thrombosis or early obstruction by blood, urine, or lymph. Further, it determines changes in intrarenal flow patterns that may indicate early transplant dysfunction, such as acute tubular necrosis and/or acute rejection as well as obstruction. Additionally, baseline values can be obtained in uncomplicated cases for serial follow-up. Between July 1980 and February 1991, 20 transplant patients had Doppler color flow imaging in the immediate posttransplant period. The kidney contour, perirenal collections, vessel flow patterns, and resistive indexes were assessed. In two patients, immediate surgical intervention salvaged the allograft. In several other patients with primary nonfunctioning kidneys, the study distinguished between acute tubular necrosis and obstruction due to external compression. We concluded that protocol Doppler color flow imaging is valuable in the immediate posttransplant period for determining surgically correctable complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Modified vascular reconstruction for pancreaticoduodenal allograft.

The simultaneous recovery of the cadaveric liver and pancreaticoduodenal allograft is well established. The current technique for procurement enables the retrieval of both organs in most multiorgan donor operations. Vascular complications may account for 45 percent of pancreatic graft failures, most of which are thromboses of the portal vein caused by low flow in the entire pancreatic vasculature, a twisted venous anastomosis or an acutely angled arterial reconstruction that can contribute to the thrombosis and, thereby, to graft failure. Because a diabetic recipient may have severely atherosclerotic vessels, an interposition autograft of the internal iliac artery of the recipient is not recommended. Our modified vascular reconstruction prevents compromised arterial blood supply when donor arterial grafts (iliac, carotid or femoral) are not available and when direct splenic to SMA reconstruction is not feasible.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1993

Medical choices in the 90s: transplantation and donation.

Heart transplantation is a growing field that offers the promise of meaningful life extension to individuals in end-stage organ failure. This technology is not only costly but dependent on limited access to cadaveric donor organs. Although advances in transplantation biology may someday allow for reduced cost and easy access to organs from nonhuman sources, today the "most readily available" source remains those organs which are donated by human donors. But despite the fact of being the "most readily available" they are far from being readily accessible. Due to these advances in transplantation, physicians are able to offer the "choice" of transplantation to their patients in whom end-stage organ failure exists. As more patients are referred for transplantation, the need for donor organs grows. And because of this need, physicians must begin to consider how to offer another choice, the "choice" of organ donation. In order to offer this option, knowledge of patient selection, evaluation, and suitable time of referral is important if the practitioner is to counsel potential donor families. This article provides a background and brief description of the Louisiana donor process.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of electrophoretic distribution patterns of ribosomal RNA gene restriction fragments and of ribosomal subunit proteins of Lactococci, Streptococci, and Pediococci.

Comparison of electrophoretic distribution patterns of ribosomal RNA gene restriction fragments and of ribosomal subunit proteins are equally effective procedures for detecting differences and similarities in the Lactococci, Streptococci and Pediococci examined. Electrophoretic distribution patterns of ribosomal subunit proteins may be a useful tool in taxonomic studies.

DNA, Ribosomal↗
PubMed1991

Monovalent cation-dependent reversible phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S8 in growth arrested Tetrahymena: kinetics of formation, phosphoamino acids, and phosphopeptides of mono-, and diphosphorylated derivatives of protein S8.

The kinetics of formation of mono-, and diphosphorylated derivatives of ribosomal protein S8 in Tetrahymena starving in the presence of Na+ have been determined, and the phosphoamino acids present in these derivatives have been identified. The mono-phosphorylated product, S8', contains only phosphoserine, and behaves kinetically as the precursor of the diphosphorylated product S8" which contains phosphoserine, and phosphothreonine. Tryptic digestion release a single major phosphoserine containing peptide from both S8' and S8", and a single phosphothreonine containing peptide from S8".

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Outpatient cholecystectomy simulated in an inpatient population.

This prospective clinical trial evaluates the feasibility and safety of elective cholecystectomy in a simulated outpatient protocol in 40 patients. Results were compared with a 19-patient control group managed by conventional postoperative methods. Oral liquids were begun in the recovery room, intravenous fluids were discontinued 4 hours after surgery, and enteral analgesics and antiemetics were provided on the ward. Protocol patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive metoclopramide or placebo after surgery to assess its influence on the early tolerance of oral intake. In the protocol group, nausea without emesis occurred in nine patients (23%); 11 others (28%) had nausea with emesis. This was not significantly different from the control group. Metoclopramide-treated patients did not demonstrate a lower incidence of nausea or emesis but did tolerate oral liquids earlier after surgery than the placebo group (P less than 0.05). After release from recovery, eight protocol patients (20%) requested parenteral narcotics for relief of pain. Postoperative urinary catheterization was required in nine protocol patients (23%) and five control patients (26%). No major complications occurred. Outpatient cholecystectomy is both feasible and safe. Metoclopramide may allow earlier tolerance of enteral liquids postoperatively.

Abdomen↗