A threat to autologous blood donors.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
D H Posey
Publications and source records attributed to D H Posey.
Flow cytometry: past, present, and future.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Blood transfusion: uses, abuses, and hazards.
Homologous blood transfusion without risk is an unobtainable goal. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus continues to occur at an average rate of one infection per 100,000 transfusions, in spite of the most sensitive and specific testing available. In the past 30 years, the number of red cell antigens identified have increased from primarily ABO and Rh to some 400 antigens, which has also contributed to the hazards of blood transfusion. These risks can be minimized by the judicious use of homologous blood in conjunction with technological advances in transfusion medicine therapy and changes in attitudes of transfusionists. In the operating theater, there has been a resurgence in intraoperative autologous transfusion therapy, and patients are individualized rather than held to an arbitrary hemoglobin standard prior to anesthesia. In the preoperative period, elective surgical candidates may predeposit autologous blood or select directed donors. The prospective recipient or the directed donor may be candidate for recombinant erythropoietin therapy as a prelude to blood donation. This article discusses the uses of blood and blood products, the hazards of blood transfusion, and precautions that can be taken to minimize risks to the patient.
Blood Transfusion↗
OKT4 epitope deficiency in significant proportions of the black population. A cause for underestimation of helper/suppressor lymphocyte ratios.
Monoclonal antibodies such as OKT4, OKT4A, Coulter T4, and Leu 3a are commonly used to define subsets of human peripheral blood lymphocytes having helper activity in vitro. Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte populations is a useful aid in the diagnosis of immunodeficiency syndromes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of certain black and oriental patients do not mark with the conventional OKT4 antibody but do mark with OKT4A and Leu 3a antibodies. We determined helper subset populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes as delineated by OKT4, OKT4A, and Coulter T4 antibodies in 103 unselected patients from two tertiary care hospitals. Twenty percent of black patients without clinical immunodeficiency demonstrated marked reduced numbers of cells marking with OKT4 antibody, but normal numbers of cells marking with OKT4A and Coulter T4 antibodies. No white patients demonstrated this trait to the degree seen in black patients. Use of OKT4 antibody to define helper cell percentages in black patients may lead to underestimation of these percentages in certain hospital populations.
Adult↗