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Biomedical subjects

D H Ringler

Publications and source records attributed to D H Ringler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Nonhuman primate bites.

Nonhuman primate (monkey) bites to researchers and attending animal care staff may present problems in patient management. Such inoculations can transmit serious bacterial and viral infections to the human handlers. Significant local and systemic manifestations can subsequently develop following such an injury. Since Herpesvirus simiae (B virus) is enzootic in Asiatic monkeys of the genus Macaca, and since B virus infection in humans is usually fatal, additional prophylactic and therapeutic measures must be taken when persons are bitten by macaque monkeys. Primate bites require early aggressive intervention.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

The identification of Eperythrozoon ovis in anemic sheep.

Eperythrozoon ovis, a rickettsial parasite of erythrocytes, was found in anemic lambs maintained for reproductive endocrinology research. The parasite was identified in the blood films of 13 animals in the flock of 30. The sexes were infected equally (7/16 males versus 6/14 females). The relationship between the severity of the anemia and the presence of organisms in blood was statistically significant. One animal died with severe anemia. Light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy of peripheral erythrocytes revealed an extracellular organism identified as E. ovis. These findings indicate that this parasite can cause disease in sheep and therefore may interfere with biomedical research.

Anaplasmataceae Infections↗
PubMed1988

Vitamin E deficiency in goldfish fed a shellfish derived diet.

Six month old, laboratory-raised goldfish (Carassius auratus) used in morphologic studies of retinal development developed progressive fraying and deterioration of the tail and fins that reached epizootic proportions and culminated in fungal infection and death. Diagnostic histopathology showed marked skeletal muscle degeneration in the muscles of the tail and caudal body wall compatible with a vitamin E/selenium deficiency. Ration analysis demonstrated inadequate vitamin E in the commercial shrimp-based diets fed to the goldfish fry. Replacement of shrimp-derived diets by a commercial trout diet containing adequate levels of vitamin E was curative.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum IgG to Pasteurella multocida in naturally and experimentally infected rabbits.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for efficacy in detecting serum IgG against Pasteurella multocida in both naturally and experimentally infected rabbits. Blood samples and nasal cultures were taken concurrently from 58 rabbits from four conventional rabbitries. Nine rabbits from a pasteurella-free colony served as negative controls. Fifty-six rabbits were ELISA positive. Of these, 46 were P. multocida culture positive, 10 were culture negative. Two rabbits were ELISA negative, culture negative. There were no ELISA negative, culture positive animals. Serotyping by the gel diffusion precipitin test demonstrated that of the 44 typed P. multocida isolates, 57% were serotype 4, 27% were serotype 12 and 16% were serotype 3. In rabbits experimentally infected intranasally with P. multocida, serum IgG against P. multocida began to rise 21 to 33 days after infection and remained elevated until the animals were euthanized 90 days post infection. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were compared which used potassium thiocyanate extracts of different serotypes of P. multocida as antigen. The results obtained were similar, suggesting the presence of antigens common to both serotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Protection of rabbits against experimental pasteurellosis by vaccination with a potassium thiocyanate extract of Pasteurella multocida.

Antigens were extracted from a virulent isolate of Pasteurella multocida (serotype 3, 12, 15:D) with potassium thiocyanate, and a vaccine was prepared. Pasteurella-free rabbits were vaccinated intranasally and intraconjuctivally twice with a 2-week interval and challenged intranasally with the homologous P. multocida serotype 2 weeks after the second vaccination. The vaccinated rabbits produced serum immunoglobulin G and nasal mucosal immunoglobulin A against P. multocida. The vaccine protected the challenged rabbits against clinical disease and death; however, otitis media was not prevented, and microscopic inflammatory lesions were occasionally noted in the lungs and nasal turbinates. In contrast, nonvaccinated, challenged rabbits became febrile, dyspnic, depressed, and anorectic, and five of six died within 4 days of challenge with severe lesions including pneumonia, pleuritis, otitis media, and bacteremia. The vaccine prevented death and colonization of challenge organisms in the blood and lung, but did not prevent colonization of the middle ear. The vaccine alone did not cause clinical disease or gross lesions, but did produce microscopic pulmonary inflammatory lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in hamsters.

A lethal enterocolitis was induced in hamsters by oral or parenteral administration of clindamycin in amounts comparable to those used in treatment of humans. The intestinal lesions were characterized histologically as an acute inflammatory reaction with pseudomembrane formation and resembled the lesions seen in humans with antibiotic-induced colitis. Results of quantitative stool cultures showed the numbers of Peptostreptococcus and Corynebacterium decreased in animals with colitis after challenge with 100 mg of clindamycin/kg, while numbers of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and clindamycin-resistant Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium difficile increased. Bacteria were not seen within the intestinal lesions. Viruses were not isolated from hamsters with colitis. Although the pathogenesis of this syndrome is not completely established, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the disease is caused by clostridial toxins and that the production of these toxins by organisms within the intestines is enhanced by the effects of clindamycin upon the bowel flora.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Age-associated pathological changes in male rats.

The selection of rats for aging research and the interpretation of experimental results require knowledge of spontaneous age-associated lesions in specific stocks and strains. We have compared selected age-associated pathological changes, as determined by postmortem examination of 113 outbred Crl:CD(SD)BR male retired breeder rats 12--39 months old, with those reported by others in a group of 122 virgin male 12- to 33-month-old F344 rats, an inbred strain from the same commercial source as the outbred rats. Numerous degenerative, inflammatory, and neoplastic lesions occurred in both groups. The wide prevalence and severity of many of the lesions suggest that they could be the source of significant variability in the results of specific aging studies, by their direct and indirect effect(s) on target organs. The prevalence of spontaneous lesions should be defined for each stock or strain intended for use in aging research by postmortem examination of representative groups of animals at various ages. Antemortem diagnostic screening of old rats may also be useful in culling animals bearing lesions that could add to the variability of experimental results, or in selecting for specific lesions that are of research interest themselves.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolates from the nares of healthy rabbits with pneumonia.

Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 42 of the 135 (31%) deep nasal swabs from clinically healthy conventional rabbits supplied by two vendors. The prevalences were significantly different among sex, age, and sources. The females and adults had higher prevalences when compared to males and juveniles, respectively. One vendor's rabbits had a prevalence of 41% while the other had 20%. Biochemically, only 24% of the 42 isolates decarboxylated L-ornithine, and 55% produced indol. All isolates were sensitive in vitro to several of the commonly used antibiotics, but most isolates were resistant to lincomycin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. Typing with a hyaluronidase inhibition test revealed that 28 of the 42 (67%) isolates were type A. Type A was the major type isolate, whether the samples came from healthy rabbits or from rabbits with pyogenic lesions. The acriflavine flocculation test showed that two of the 42 (5%) isolates were type D. Although none of the 42 isolates were positive to both hyalurondase and acriflavine tests, 12 of the 42 (29%) isolates were negative to both tests, indicating that these isolates were not typeable by these two methods. The demonstration of more than one capsular type of Pasteurella multocida in rabbits indicates the need for more extensive studies on this important rabbit pathogen.

Acriflavine↗
PubMed1977

Spontaneous malignant histiocytoma with metastasis in a rhesus monkey [Macaca mulatta].

A malignant histiocytoma was observed on the left arm of a recently imported rhesus monkey. Rapid invasion of deep tissues and tumor growth on the face prompted euthanasia. Necropsy revealed additional neoplastic foci in the lungs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, pericardium and liver. Microscopically the predominant cell type was histiocytic; some cells had a distinct epithelioid appearance and other were spindle-shaped.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Failure of commercially prepared isoniazid diet to produce isoniazid serum concentrations in rhesus monkeys.

A comparison was made of serum isoniazid concentrations and the time course of isoniazid elimination in rhesus monkeys given the drug im, orally on sugar cubes, or in a commercially medicated diet. When the drug was administered orally on sugar cubes or im, peak serum concentrations were usually reached within 2 hr. A threefold individual variation in the rate of elimination was noted, and in most animals the serum concentration at 6 hr approached zero. Isoniazid was not detected in the serum of any animal receiving the commercially medicated diet. Others using this medicated food in their tuberculosis prophylaxis programs should be aware that the diet probably does not provide therapeutically effective dosage to the animals.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Fever and survival.

The significance of fever in response to a bacterial infection has been investigated using the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis as an animal model. These lizards develop a fever of about 2 degrees C after injection with the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. To determine whether this elevation in body temperature increases the resistance of the host to this infection, as measured by survival, lizards were infected with the live bacteria and placed in a neutral (38 degrees C), low (34 degrees or 36 degrees C), or high (40 degrees or 42 degrees C) ambient temperature. An elevation in temperature following experimental bacterial infection results in a significant increase in host survival.

Aeromonas↗