PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Höffler

Publications and source records attributed to D Höffler.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Minimal effective dose of bacampicillin in urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

66 patients from a nephrological out-patient clinic in whom an ampicillin-sensitive pathogen had been demonstrated after suprapubic puncture, were divided into 3 randomised groups. The first group received 10, the second 20 and the third 30 tablets of 800 mg bacampicillin each. Tablets were given t.i.d. Due to randomising comparable groups were formed. When different criteria were used for assessment of success no advantages of long-term or disadvantages of short-term treatment were found. 10 tablets (possibly even less) are thus the minimal inhibitory dosage for the disease. Present experience suggests a short treatment with follow-up controls at short intervals and then a long-term reinfection prophylaxis.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1978

[Amikacin and gentamicin: a controlled comparison (author's transl)].

In a randomised double-blind study 25 patients each were treated with amikacin (375 mg/d three times i.m.) or gentamicin (three times 80 mg/d i.m.). The dose was decreased according to a predetermined schedule if there was impaired renal function. Treatment indication was urinary tract infections of different severity with gram-negative organisms resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin. The bacteriological findings of a urine sample obtained by bladder puncture three and ten days after the end of treatment were the criterion of success. In addition, the number of white cells in the urine was taken into account. On the basis of various criteria, amikacin was found to give the higher success rate. The most important criterion, disappearance of the initially demonstrated microorganism, demonstrated a statistically significant advantage of amikacin over gentamicin.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1978

[Cefamandol: pharmacokinetics with normal and impaired renal function (author's transl)].

1.0 g cefamandol was injected in 25 patients with various degrees of renal function. Half-life and distribution volume of this antibiotic and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were then measured. The distribution volume was 18.5 +/- 3.5% of body weight, similar to the extracellular space. Half-life and GFR were related in a way which could be expressed in the formula: half-life = 400 sqaure root GFR. Levels of blood concentration of cefamandol could be estimated from half-life and GFR, with the construction of "isoconcentration dosages", by which it is possible to achieve levels similar to those in normal subjects receiving a normal dosage.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1978

[Comparative therapeutic investigations of pivmecillinam and amoxycillin (author's transl)].

The therapeutic value of pivmecillinam and amoxycillin in urinary tract infections was compared in a double blind study. No therapeutic superiority or inferiority of either substance could be demonstrated. The study shows that a therapeutic comparison of two antibiotics using everyday treatment is possible. Before the introduction of new antibiotics at least equal effectiveness of the substance should be documented with appropriate investigations.

Amdinocillin Pivoxil↗
PubMed1978

[Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in patients with normal and impaired renal function (author's transl)].

Elimination half-life of ticarcillin was measured in 61 patients with different levels of renal function after intravenous rapid infusion (1--20 g). Assuming a single-compartment model for elimination, there was in those without renal disease a half-life of approximately 71 minutes, although there were considerable individual variations. In patients with impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate 30--60 ml/min) the values were between 60 and 120 minutes, while in one patient with a filtration rate of 2.08 ml/min it was over 400 min. If there is a correlation between dose and half-life, it was obscured by the individual variations. Distribution volume was 21 1/100 kg body-weight.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1978

[Renal toxicity of lithium in therapeutic doses (author's transl)].

Two cases of acute nephrotic syndrome, occurring in patients treated with lithium in monitored therapeutic doses, are described. They each made a full recovery. A kidney biopsy, carried out in one case, disclosed normal tissue. Up to now, only a small number of comparable cases have been described in the literature. Pathological kidney changes appear to be more frequent with toxic serum lithium levels, i.e. greater than 2 mmol/l. However, it remains at the present time an open question as to what proportion of such cases are a consequence of primary renal pathological lesions and what proportion are otherwise caused. All published types of kidney dysfunctions in relationship to treatment with therapeutic doses of lithium are discussed in connection with the cases observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Minoxidil in the treatment of malignant hypertension (author's transl)].

In 21 of 23 patients with hypertension unresponsive to other treatment minoxidil, a new antihypertensive drug acting via peripheral vasodilatation, lowered their blood pressure from 191 +/- 19/117 +/- 12 MM Hg to 147 +/- 13/117 +/- 12 mm Hg. The drug causes a reflex tachycardia and must therefore be combined with beta-blockers. Furthermore, an effective diuretic must also be used because minoxidil causes sodium retention. Hypertrichosis is an important side-effect for which the drug may have to be discontinued, especially in young women. Orthostasis did not occur in the reported series. The authors recommend that the drug be made available for the treatment of malignant hypertension.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1977

[Carbenicillin induced disturbance of platelet function: a study in patients with normal renal function (author's transl)].

After therapeutic doses of carbenicillin (3X10 g/24 h) prolongation of bleeding time, measured according to Ivy, was observed (median time prior to therapy 4 min 08 s-4 min 18 s; 24 h after therapy 15-20 min; 72 h after therapy greater than 30 min) in 5 patients with normal renal function and 2 patients with slight impairment of renal function (Ccr60-70 mlX1.73 m(2)). Prolongation of bleeding time was observed at serum concentrations between 13 and 180 microgram/carbenicillin/ml. After carbenicillin was withdrawn, prolongation of bleeding time was demonstrable for 4 days, i.v. even after the drug had been eliminated completely by urinary excretion. Higher doses of carbenicillin caused more severe disturbances of platelet function. The finding of prolonged bleeding time after carbenicillin may have clinical relevance (e.g. interaction with other anticoagulants, p.o. wound bleeding, gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, thrombopenia).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Ticarcillin: pharmacokinetics in man according to different administration schedules.

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ticarcillin, a semisynthetic penicillin more active than carbenicillin against Pseudomonas, were studied. Following a rapid intravenous infusion of 1 g, 2 g, 5 g and 10 g ticarcillin respectively the serum half-life was 72-4 minutes independent of the dosage administered. If ticarcillin is administered under steady-state conditions, e.g. continuous infusion of either 2g/hr or 1g/hr following a loading dose of 1g (total dose 5 g) the average steady-state serum concentrations are 125 microgram/ml and 105 microgram/ml respectively.

Female↗