PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Habte

Publications and source records attributed to D Habte.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and other enteropathogens in paediatric diarrhoea in Addis Ababa.

This study was performed during two weeks among 86 paediatric outpatients of poor socio-economic background. A control group comprised 60 healthy children. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was the most common diarrhoeal agent isolated (26%). Strains of ETEC producing heat-labile (LT) only or LT and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxin were isolated from 11% each and ETEC producing ST only from 4% of the patients. ETEC was also found not infrequently among controls (10%). ETEC with O-antigens 78, 6 and 8 were shown to harbour colonization factors. Enterotoxigenic bacteria were found as contaminants in 5 of 24 feeding bottles investigated. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shigella species were isolated from 8% each and rotavirus from 24% of the patients. Twelve patients infected with ETEC only were compared to 66 patients not infected with ETEC. Patients infected with ETEC had a relatively mild disease and it was not possible by clinical findings to distinguish those patients infected with ETEC, LT and/or ST producing, carrying or not carrying colonization factors from those infected with other agents. This study underlines the need for extended studies of the clinical significance of ETEC infection in developing countries.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed1981

Seasonal fluctuations in the occurrence of enterotoxigenic bacteria and rotavirus in paediatric diarrhoea in Addis Ababa.

This study (March 1977-February 1978) was performed at the Ethio-Swedish Pediatric Clinic, Addis Ababa, to determine whether there were any seasonal fluctuations in the occurrence of diarrhoea associated with enterotoxigenic enterobacteria (ETEB), rotavirus and two parasites (Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica).A total of 1161 children (962 patients and 199 controls) were investigated. ETEB were isolated in 12.2% of the patients and 4.5% of the controls, rotavirus in 27.8% and 8%, and parasites in 6.8% and 1%, respectively. There is a statistically significant difference in the isolation rates between patients and controls (P<0.001 for rotavirus, P<0.01 for ETEB and parasites). Rotavirus was most prevalent in the 7-12 months age group and ETEB during the second year of life, while parasites showed a continuous increase with age.Two peaks in the occurrence of ETEB were found during the year, the first in August (32.6%), the second in January (19.2%). Two peaks for rotavirus though not as distinct as for ETEB, were seen in June (42.7%) and November (36.4%). The isolation rate of parasites showed no consistent pattern during the year.This study suggests a seasonal occurrence of ETEB and rotavirus but with no apparent correlation to climatological factors.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Antibodies to heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxins in human milk and sera. A study of Ethiopian and Swedish mothers and their children.

Maternal serum and cord blood from 50 Ethiopian, 10 Costa Rican and 20 Swedish newly delivered mothers and their babies was examined for the presence of antibodies against heat labile (LT) enterotoxin from a human strain of E. coli. 96% of the Ethiopian, 80% of the Costa Rican and 30% of the Swedish mothers and infants had detectable antibody levels. The titres were significantly higher in the Ethiopian material. Furthermore, antibody titres to E. coli enterotoxin were determined in breast milk collected from Ethiopian mothers at 48 h and at 1 month after delivery. One third of these mothers had detectable levels of antibodies in samples from early lactation. Experiments performed with LT enterotoxin from another human and with LT from a porcine E. coli strain confirmed the results. Neutralization tests with cholera enterotoxin as antigen were all negative in sera and milk samples from all these groups. The material has been collected in three different geographical areas which are nonendemic for cholera.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Antibiotics in the treatment of gastroenteritis caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

The role of antibiotics in treating endemic infantile diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli has not been determined. In a controlled study of 49 patients, one group received mecillinam and another group received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A third group served as control subjects. Serotype O111:B4 dominated. Treatment, as evaluated clinically on the third day, resulted in cure for 79% of those receiving mecillinam, 73% of those receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 7% of the control subjects. Bacteriologic cure was confirmed in 53%, 53%, and 0, respectively. The statistically significant difference between antibiotic-treated patients and control subjects (P less than 0.001) indicated that antibiotics are an important supplement in the treatment of endemic severe diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic E. coli.

Amdinocillin↗
PubMed1980

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria of infantile diarrhea: surface antigens, hemagglutinins, colonization factor antigen, and loss of enterotoxigenicity.

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)-producing Escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria isolated from diarrheal Ethiopian children were studied for O and K antigen, production of heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), stability of LT production, properties of mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) (indicative of adhesive properties), and colonization factor antigen (CFA). Of the E. coli strains, 33% possessed O6, O8, or O78; 93% of these were stable producers of LT, and 86% produced both Lt and ST. O78 strains possessed CFA/I, whereas O6 and O8 strains possessed CFA/II. The E. coli with O antigens other than O6, O8, or O78, as well as the non-E. coli bacteria tended to lose their ability to produce LT; only 16% produced ST, and they only occasionally showed MRHA properties. The former group of E. coli strains might be considered as true enteropathogenic bacteria (enterovirulent E. coli), which may be identified serologically, while the pathogenic significance of the diversified latter group remains less certain.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

Plasma amino acid response to single test meals in humans. V. Ethiopian preschool children given lowcost protein supplements.

The plasma amino acid response to single test meals was studied in preschool children, aged 9 months--5 years. The amount of protein given in each test meal was 1 g per kg body weight, which represented one-third of the daily intake of the children who were recovering from protein-energy malnutrition. The test meals given was gruels made from wheat mixed with a supplementary weaning food (Faffa or Superamin) or fish protein concentrate (FPC). The plasma amino acid responses were evaluated both as PAA ratios (a modification of the Longenecker and Hause method), and as deltaMR% (percentage change in the postprandial essential amino acid molar ratios according to Graham and Placko). Both evaluation models indicated that lysine, threonine and methionine were the limiting amino acids in the Faffa/wheat diet, and that lysine and threonine were limiting in the Superamin/wheat diet. All essential amino acids seemed to be supplied in adequate amounts in the FPC/wheat diet. These results were in close agreement with the amino acid score of the diets (based on chemical analysis).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

Dietary effects in the early recovery phase of kwashiorkor. Plasma levels of triglycerides, FFA, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, postheparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glucose and insulin.

The fatty liver often found in untreated kwashiorkor has been associated with highly variable concentration of circulating lipids. The effect on lipid metabolism of two isocaloric diets--one synthetic monomolecular (Vivonex) and one standard (Casilan)--which both initiated satisfactory clinical improvement was studied in 21 Ethiopian children with kwashiorkor during the first weeks of rehabilitation. Before treatment mean fasting values of all biochemical parameters were within normal ranges except for moderately elevated triglycerides--an unexpected finding-and low insulin. Individual values varied greatly; triglyceride between 0.39 and 3.49 mmol/1. FFA correlated both to glycerol, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and triglyceride values. During treatment insulin, glucose and glycerol remained essentially unchanged and were similar in both dietary groups. In the Vivonex group only there was an initial marked, parallel fall of FFA and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate suggesting greater availability of carbohydrate and enhanced glucose utilization. This pattern of response seemed to occur without comparable inhibition of lipolysis. Triglycerides--like serum albumin--increased faster in the Casilan group. The highest mean triglyceride value was reached by day 8 in the Casilan group and by day 15 in the Vivonex group. Ten minutes following heparin injection triglycerides declined, FFA and glycerol increased indicating release of in vivo active lipase. LPL activity assayed in vitro was similar and unaffected by 2 weeks of dietary treatment in both groups. LPL activity was inversely correlated to triglycerides providing--beside the type of diet--another possible explanation for the wide variations seen in circulatory triglycerides.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

Enterotoxin-producing bacteria and parasites in stools of Ethiopian children with diarrhoeal disease.

Enterotoxinogenic bacteria were isolated from 131 (37%) of 354 Ethiopian infants and children with acute gastrointestinal symptoms. Only one of these isolates belonged to the classical enteropathogenic serotypes of Esch. coli. Two colonies from each patient were isolated and tested for production of enterotoxin by the rabbit ileal loop test, the rabbit skin test, and an adrenal cell assay. However, only 38% of the isolated enterotoxinogenic strains were Esch. coli; the others belonged to Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Citrobacter, Serratia, and Aeromonas. In 18 patients both isolates were toxinogenic and belonged to different species. The incidence of intestinal parasites was 35% with no apparent correlation to the occurrence of toxinogenic bacteria in the stools.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1975

Chemically defined diet in the treatment of kwashiorkor.

Kwashkorkor is associated with malabsorption of energy and nutrients. Standard diets often initiate diarrhea and a high mortality is still prevalent. A synthetic monomolecular formula has been evaluated and compared with a standard diet in the early rehabilitation phase of 21 children with kwashiorkor. The formula group had significantly less vomiting and reached minimum weight faster than the group on standard diet. Weight gain and diarrhea were similar. The rise of albumin and BUN was faster on standard diet. A significant increase in haemoglobin was seen only in the formula group. A rise in body temperature after a meal was evident in most patients and significantly more pronounced in the formula group. The lower total nitrogen content of the formula may explain the observed slower rise in albumin and BUN but the ready utilization was indicated by the favourable weight changes as well as the rise in rectal temperature. As high energy per volume was desirable the formula was not diluted to isoosmolality. However, the high glucose concentration in the experimental diet probably caused some negative effects.

Blood Glucose↗