Initiating action through understanding.
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Decision Making↗
Biomedical subjects
D Haggard
Publications and source records attributed to D Haggard.
Maternal-child interaction in survivors of severe malnutrition who received psychosocial stimulation.
Jamaican children who had recovered from severe malnutrition 3 years previously (CM group) were observed with their mothers in a structured play situation. Their behaviour was compared with two other groups; another severely malnourished group which had participated in an intervention programme of psychosocial stimulation (IM group) and an adequately nourished group (controls). All children were subjects in a longitudinal intervention study (Grantham-McGregor, Schofield & Powell, 1987). Both malnourished groups had very low levels of development (DQ) initially. The CM group's DQs remained low but the IM group caught up to the controls. During the observation the CM children stayed nearer their mothers and played less than the children in other groups. It was hypothesized that this behaviour could have contributed to their poor development. The IM children behaved similarly to the controls. It is probable that non-nutritional intervention had changed their behaviour. Only little differences were found between the mothers.
Acute Disease↗
Exposure to the unconditioned stimulus alone: effects on retention and acquisition of conditioned suppression.
Three experiments demonstrated that repeated exposure to an electric-shock unconditioned stimulus (US) resulted in a decrement in retention of conditioned suppression evoked by a previously established excitatory conditioned stimulus (CS) and retarded subsequent acquisition of conditioned suppression to a novel CS paired with shock. Experiment 1 showed that 10 sessions of exposure to shock alone were required to produce a decrement in retention of conditioned suppression, whereas retardation in the acquisition of conditioned suppression was obtained following either 5 or 10 sessions of exposure to shock alone. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the magnitude of both the decrement in retention of conditioned suppression and the retardation in the acquisition of conditioned suppression produced by exposure to shock alone was directly related to the intensity of those shocks. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the decrement in retention of conditioned suppression produced by 10 sessions of exposure to shock alone was inversely related to the interval between the last exposure to shock and the test of the target CS. These findings are discussed in terms of associative and nonassociative accounts of the effects of US-alone procedures.
Animals↗