Analysis of the variation of the distance-density curves with time as a way of extracting flow information from digital angiograms.
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Algorithms↗
Biomedical subjects
D Hawkes
Publications and source records attributed to D Hawkes.
Volume flow measurement of pulsatile flow by digitised cine angiography.
The validation, by phantom experiments, of a method of measuring volumetric, pulsatile blood flow in vessels of about 4 mm calibre is described. 'Instantaneous' as well as integrated flow is obtained from cine angiograms by digitisation of the images and densitometric analysis in an advanced computer vision analysis system. From 48 frames per second cine, pulsatile flow at any moment between 0 and about 400 ml/min was calculated within about 10 per cent of the electromagnetic flow meter reading. Further improvement is expected. It is proposed to advance to 3D and have the methodology available for clinical use in due course.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
An IgG, gentamicin sulfate-dependent antibody found during prenatal antibody screening.
The serum of a prenatal patient was found to contain an IgG antibody that reacted with all red cells suspended in solutions containing the antibiotic gentamicin sulfate. The antibody was nonreactive with red cells suspended in media containing chloramphenicol, neomycin, hydrocortisone or inosine. Since gentamicin sulfate is used in the suspending medium of some commercial reagent red cell products, difficulties in the interpretation of antibody detection and identification tests may arise when patient sera contain gentamicin-dependent antibodies.
Antibodies↗
Origin and immunological hyporeactivity of canine alveolar lymphocytes.
Autochthonous canine thoracic duct lymphocytes were isolated, labelled with 111indium and injected intravenously. Direct sampling showed that the label passed from blood to lymph within 25 hr. By gamma camera imaging, the initial accumulation of 111In the liver and spleen was followed by a striking increase in lymph node associated activity between 24-36 hr. Although initial lung-associated counts were low, a bicarbonate-induced non-specific inflammation of the right lung induced a rapid and selective accumulation of labelled lymphocytes (ratio right to left lung 8:1). Cell suspensions lavaged from the alveolar surface showed only a 9% response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The addition of unfractionated lavage cells to PBL caused a macrophage-dependent suppression of mitogen responsiveness. However, macrophage depletion of alveolar lavage cells did not restore the lymphocyte response to PHA. Similarly, the frequency of alloreactive precursors of cytolytic lymphocytes (CTL) was almost 10-fold less in alveolar lymphocytes compared to PBL. Thus, bronchoalveolar lavage provides a technique by which viable cells may be recovered in significant numbers from the alveoli and should be invaluable for the investigation of lung allograft rejection.
Animals↗
Focusing on solutions.
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Day Care, Medical↗