Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Hawthorne.
Cost control, customer service and collaboration among health care sectors rank as top concerns with panelists in H&HN's annual Leadership Report. Efforts to improve community health are a priority, too, but are often frustrated by financial and other constraints. The 16 panelists represent managed care, physicians, and hospitals and health systems.
BMS-186318 is a member of the recently discovered "aminodiol" class of HIV protease inhibitors. A simple but sensitive method was developed for the determination of BMS-186318 in dog plasma and then applied to monkey and rat plasma. The compound was extracted from dog plasma with methyl tert-butyl ether at basic pH. The dried extract was reconstituted in mobile phase and injected into a 150 x 2.1 mm i.d. Zorbax Rx-C18 HPLC column. A portion of the effluent was directed into the LC-ionspray MS system, where the [M+H]+ ion of the secondary amine compound was monitored. The HPLC conditions were chosen in order to achieve a short run time and large sample throughput, with both analyte and internal standard eluting within 1.5 min. The liquid-liquid extraction procedure provided very clean extracts so that sufficient signal-to-noise ratio was obtained with single-stage mass spectrometry instead of the more costly tandem mass spectrometry. The required lower limit of quantitation of 2.5 ng ml-1 was easily achieved. The method has also been validated for BMS-186318 in monkey plasma without modification. The method has been modified for rat plasma. Owing to irreproducibility observed when applying the liquid-liquid extraction method to rat plasma, a solid-phase extraction method was developed. The addition of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride was necessary to stabilize BMS-186318 in rat blood and plasma.
The theory and practice of psychiatric nursing has been subjected to little serious research; consequently some nursing interventions recommended by nursing texts lack formal evaluation. This study examined one aspect of practice: the way in which nurses work with delusional patients. Registered psychiatric nurses were asked to describe the way in which they deal with patients whose delusions are a major clinical problem. The findings highlight a disparity between practice and theory.
Scientific progress has led us to believe we are masters of our destiny and in control of our world. But, science and technology can destroy our humanity if they serve no higher power than their own advancement. We can be overwhelmed by a surplus of information that clouds our thoughts and hinders us as we try to find true meaning and purpose in our lives.
We have studied the phenomenon of infertility of yeast hybrids obtained with physiological conditions under the control of compatible mating systems. The yeasts investigated are three Saccharomyces species: S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and a new species, S. douglasii. The diploid hybrids from crosses between these species sporulate well but are essentially infertile. The rare viable spores, one per 10(4) to 10(5) asci, that have been examined carry a complete genome comprised of chromosomes contributed by both parents but invariably have extra chromosomes, i.e. they are generally disomic for at least two or three chromosomes. This observation is consistent with a failure, in meiosis I, of the pairing and disjunction of homologous chromosomes which in most cases results in spores with an incomplete set of chromosomes. This apparent lack of pairing of 'homeologous' chromosomes in meiosis I was analysed in most detail with S. cerevisiae/S. douglasii hybrids. As a genetic tool we studied frequencies of recombination, taking advantage of an S. douglasii breeding stock of some 50 identified mutations in non-switching haploids. Recombination, although markedly reduced, could be observed at both the chromosomal and allelic levels, implying a sporadic pairing in meiosis to allow genetic exchange. Meiotic recombination frequencies were studied for 14 gene pairs and generally found to be reduced ten-fold. Heteroallelic recombination (gene conversion) frequencies were measured at 22 loci and were judged to be reduced at least two- to 100-fold. DNA hybridization experiments with S. cerevisiae gene probes gave results consistent with low DNA sequence homologies between S. cerevisiae and S. douglasii. Moreover, by change, our experiments disclosed another Saccharomyces strain (CBS2908, originally classified as S. cerevisiae) with hybridization patterns identical to S. douglasii except for the hybridization with the Ty transposon probes. Crosses between CBS2908 and S. douglasii yielded diploid hybrids with 80-90% spore viability, thus establishing a second member of the S. douglasii species.
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A random sample of Auckland elementary school children (N=418) were rated by their teachers on Conners Teacher Questionnaire, one of the measures recommended by the National Institute of Mental Health for use in drug studies with children. Norms were found to be comparable with a New York sample on two of the four factors but children from a Midwestern university town differed substantially from the New Zealand and New York groups so that further standardisation work is necessary. A replica of Conners factor structure was also attempted and the results compared additionally with a similar U.S. study. It was concluded that despite some definite differences, the original factor structure appeared sufficiently stable across studies not to change the present scoring system except to add the Sociability Factor. The tendencies for boys to be rated higher on acting out type behaviors and girls on neurotic symptoms is consistent with clinical experience and previous studies.
There is a belief in society that nursing is a profession and therefore that nurses are professional. There is also a belief that nurses care, that is, they care for their patients and consequently are a caring profession. However, we see and hear instances in which nurses do not act in a caring manner. Where this is the case, can they still be considered individually a professional, and collectively a profession? Is there a connection between caring and profession? Can a nurse be one without the other? The assertion of this paper, is that to be a professional nurse, a nurse must care. "Caring" and "profession" are defined and the components for a model of a professional relationship proposed. Nurses are challenged to find ways in which to reclaim their professional status by recapturing their commitment to caring.