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Biomedical subjects

D Herbert

Publications and source records attributed to D Herbert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Characterization of the extracellular matrix of the primate temporomandibular joint.

The distribution of type I and II collagens, fibronectin and the fibronectin-integrin receptor, tenascin, laminin, link protein, and cartilage-specific glycosaminoglycans was examined in the primate temporomandibular joint complex using an immunohistochemical approach. In general, type I collagen, fibronectin, and the fibronectin-integrin receptor were found to co-distribute throughout the joint complex. Immunostaining for these proteins was notably intense in the prechondroblastic and mineralization zones of the articular cartilages of the joint. Tenascin was identified in several structures of the joint, including the articular cartilages, where intense staining was observed in the prechondroblastic and cartilagenous zones. Laminin was detected only in the adventitia of blood vessels located in the attachment tissues of the disc and joint synovium. Cartilage-specific glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen were observed in the cartilagenous zones of the articular cartilages of the mandibular condyle and temporal bone. In addition, immunostaining for cartilage-specific glycosaminoglycans also was detected throughout the extracellular matrix surrounding "chondrocyte-like" cells located in the joint disc. Despite the localization of cartilage-specific glycosaminoglycans in the disc, type II collagen was not detected in this structure. It is suggested that a fibronectin-integrin receptor mechanism may be involved in the regulation of growth of the articular cartilages of the temporomandibular joint.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Metastatic cancer in Paget's disease of bone. A case report.

A 50-year-old white male presented with concurrent Paget's disease of bone and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Our review of the literature and our clinical experience suggests that carcinoma coexisting at the site of bone involved with Paget's disease occurs more commonly than has been recognized. The paucity of reports of tumor metastatic to sites of Paget's disease of bone may be due to an artifact of data collection. The differentiation of metastatic from de novo tumors must be accomplished by biopsy, and the diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment. Commonly a correlation of known tumor types with Paget's disease is made, and metastatic tumors are excluded.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Local lung ventilation in critically ill patients using nonradioactive xenon-enhanced transmission computed tomography.

Nonradioactive xenon is sufficiently radiodense to increase the density of gas-containing lung as seen in a computed tomography (CT) scan. Subtraction of a baseline CT scan from the xenon-enhanced CT scan can accentuate gas space differences by subtracting fixed tissue densities. The baseline scan and the scan obtained during wash-in of xenon (before equilibration) allow circulation of local ventilation. The xenon CT scan, thus, provides more precise information about distribution of ventilation than planar radiogas techniques. The technical aspects of application to a critically ill patient and the mathematical basis of the technique are presented.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between pubertal timing and body size in underfed male rats.

A direct connection has been proposed between body size and sexual maturation by the critical body weight and critical body fat hypotheses. To test these theories in male rats, we compared the degree of sexual maturation in animals with reduced growth rate due to undernutrition with that in weight-matched but normally fed rats. Underfed rats had significantly larger prostate, seminal vesicle, and testis weights than the weight-matched normally fed controls at the three time points studied: the early pubertal period (approximate time of onset of rising serum testosterone), late pubertal period (approximate time of appearance of mature spermatids), and young adult period. At the first time point, testes of underfed rats, but not those of normally fed, weight-matched controls, showed mature step 19 spermatids, and serum testosterone was significantly higher in the underfed animals. At all time points, serum LH levels were similar in both groups, while serum FSH levels were significantly lower in the underfed rats at all points. The Lee index, an index of fatness, was significantly lower in the underfed rats. The current study indicates that underfed rats are more sexually mature than normally fed controls of the same weight despite having a lower percentage of body fat. These findings do not support the critical body weight or critical body fat hypotheses of puberty in male rats.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Abdominal computed tomography. Comparison of the usefulness of goal-directed v non-goal-directed studies.

We reviewed the indications for 210 consecutive abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. One-hundred sixty-six CT scans were done in a goal-directed fashion, whereas 44 were non-goal-directed as part of the evaluation of non-specific abdominal pain, fever, or weight loss. Forty-three percent of CT scans done in a goal-directed fashion revealed new significant information as opposed to only 2% of non-goal-directed studies. Sixteen percent of goal-directed CT scans were normal as opposed to 41% of non-goal-directed CT scans. In at least 16% of cases, abdominal CT scans revealed data confirmatory of information obtained by other modalities. We conclude that abdominal CT scanning used in a non-goal-directed fashion is rarely helpful; however, goal-directed scanning often yields important information.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1983

Observations on the culture of M. leprae in Medium V. A preliminary report.

This paper reports the preliminary findings of an investigation using Medium V for culture of M. leprae. The medium was prepared adhering to the procedures adopted by Veeraraghavan. Tissues from 7 cases of lepromatous leprosy (Bacteriological Index of 3 or more) were inoculated into Medium V and incubated at 8-10 degrees C for 72 hours. Quantitative estimation of leprosy bacilli were made employing the enumeration technique of Veeraraghavan. There was no evidence of multiplication in any of the cultures. The findings are in conformity with those of Kato (1983) and of Katoch and Desikan (1983).

Culture Media↗
PubMed1982

Growth hormone, prolactin and FSH release by the tachykinin dodecapeptide kassinin in the rat.

The effect of equimolar doses of kassinin, a newly discovered tachykinin dodecapeptide, and substance P on serum growth hormone, prolactin and FSH was examined in adult male Fischer 344 rats. The two peptides were injected intravenously 10 or 30 min prior to blood collection by decapitation. Kassinin in concentrations of 0.3 and 3.0 micrograms/100 g B.W., potently stimulated release of growth hormone. Both kassinin and substance P decreased prolactin at the lowest dose. An increase of serum prolactin above control values by both peptides was observed at the highest dose administered. However, this increase with the highest dose depended on the time of blood collection. Serum FSH was increased only by injection of the highest dose of kassinin or substance P. These results demonstrate that kassinin and substance P have similar effects on the secretion of these hormones. The findings provide further evidence for an involvement of peptidergic neurons in the regulation of pituitary function. Kassinin, if present in central and peripheral neurons of the mammalian central and autonomic nervous system and in the cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system, could function as a neuropeptide.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Costs in a clinical pharmacological laboratory.

As a measure of the efficiency of service provided to the Groote Schuur group of hospitals by the Department of Clinical Pharmacology, certain costs were analaysed. The approximate annual cost of routine analytical work was R40 000 $45 000 or 22 000 pounds). The average cost per assy was R9,50 ($11,30 or 5,50 pounds). Closer examination of data showed that the cheapest assays are those done in large batches using an off-line analytical technique such as thin-layer chromatographic densitometry.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth and reproductive adaptation in male rats with chronic protein deficiency.

In previous studies, male rats fed a low-protein diet beginning at weaning were found to have impaired sexual development through age 11 weeks when compared to food-restricted, weight-matched controls fed a diet with normal protein content. To determine whether male rats show long-term adaptation of the reproductive axis to low-protein feeding, we assessed sexual maturation and growth in rats fed a low protein (9%) diet from weaning until sacrifice at various points in time between ages 79 and 185 days. After age 80 days, there was no difference in reproductive organ weights (prostate, seminal vesicles, testis) or serum hormone levels (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone) between protein-deficient animals and food-restricted weight-matched controls given a normal diet. In addition, there was no difference between protein-deficient animals and controls in indices of linear growth (naso-anal and tail length) or fatness (Lee index). We conclude that both growth and reproductive function of male rats show adaptation to long term feeding of a low-protein diet.

Adaptation, Biological↗