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Biomedical subjects

D Herman

Publications and source records attributed to D Herman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Protective effect of theophylline on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Disorders of the upper respiratory tract, particularly allergic rhinitis are commonly associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The latter may be responsible for chronic cough, a common symptom in patients with allergic rhinitis, which, as previously shown, can be the sole presenting manifestation of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Theophylline is widely used in patients with asthma for its bronchodilator effect, whereas its action on bronchial reactivity is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of theophylline administration on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis complaining of chronic cough. Fourteen patients were studied. All of them were judged atopic on the basis of positive skin tests to common allergens. During control, spirometry, flow-volume curves and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were measured. Bronchial challenges were then performed with increasing concentrations of carbachol, and dose-response curves were constructed. The concentration of carbachol, which decreased SGaw by 35% from baseline (PD35) was determined by interpolating from the dose-response curve. After control measurements patients received in a randomized, double-blind crossover fashion either theophylline 10 mg/kg/day orally or placebo for 30 days. Measurements were then redone. After a washout period of 8 days the measurements were repeated, and patients received theophylline or placebo for a second period of 30 days. Measurements were again performed at the end of this last study period. During control all patients had normal baseline lung function data and showed marked bronchial hyperresponsiveness, PD35 amounting to 26 +/- 7 micrograms of carbachol (normal value greater than 160 micrograms). No significant changes in PD35 were noted after placebo and washout when compared with control values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[External injuries of the larynx. Our experience apropos of 55 cases].

Reporting 55 cases of laryngeal trauma, the authors detail the etiologies and the lesions observed and expose their trauma management. Endoscopic results are basic in the evaluation of the gravity of the trauma. Radiological investigations, especially C.T. scan, take the second place. The use of endolaryngeal stent in the surgical treatment is as limited as possible. A precise lesional staging and a great rigour in the operative management can only guarantee the recovery of normal vocal and respiratory functions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Exostosis of the external auditory canal: clinical and therapeutic aspects].

Based on the study of 25 cases, the authors recall the frequency and pathogeny of these lesions, specifying the surgical technique and presenting their results. The risks of this surgery lie in the ever possible impairment of the facial nerve and labyrinthization on treble frequencies (2 cases). The incidents are tympanic perforation (1 case) and the opening of the temporomandibular joint. It is not always possible to preserve the skin of the external auditory canal. It can be reconstructed by a free (3 cases) or pedicle (3 cases) graft of more simply in case of small loss of substance by a temporal fascia graft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx occurring with immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin A. Apropos of a case].

The authors report the case of a 15 year old adolescent who presents a rhabdomyosarcoma of the rhinopharynx. This young patient underwent 23 months before a kidney transplantation and was since under immunosuppressing treatment including corticoids, azathioprine and cyclosporin A. The characteristics of this tumor make it probably induced by the therapeutic based on cyclosporin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[ORL metastases of Grawitz's tumors].

Renal cell carcinoma (Grawitz's tumor), may metastasize to the head and neck region at different stages of its evolution. The authors present four cases illustrating the difficulties of the preoperative and histopathological diagnosis. The data on otolaryngological localisations are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of conidial and mycelial allergens of Alternaria alternata.

Alternaria allergens, separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane, were identified using sera from Alternaria-allergic patients. 30 Alternaria components of spore and mycelium, ranging in molecular weight from more than 150 to 12 kD, bound IgE antibodies. 15 were detected by more than 25% of the sera and only 4 (85, 56, 42, 31 kD) by more than 50% of the sera. Among these four major allergens, the 56-kD component was present mostly in the spore extract, the 85- and 42-kD fractions in the mycelium extract and the 31-kD in both extracts. The 31-kD component showed the highest IgE binding and the highest frequency of binding (95% with mycelium extract and 79% with spore extract). It was composed of two subunits.

Allergens↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical treatment of saddle nose, our experience apropos of 19 cases].

19 patients presenting with saddle deformity of the nose were operated upon between 1981 and 1988. Either a bony or a cartilagenous autograft has been employed according to the nature of the deformity. The mean follow-up was two and a half year. The results confirm the high rehability of cartilagenous grafts in the treatment of partial deformities. Treatment of total saddle deformities proved to be less satisfactory with spontaneous resorption of two grafts out of six, one of which was a homologue bony graft from the bank.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1990

[Pneumatocele caused by ballistic injury of the anterior stage of the skull base, a case report].

The authors present a case of intracerebral expansive pneumatocele following a ethmoido-sphenoidal fracture by a bullet. The case presented is exceptional, as the bullet went through the brain case without injuring the neurological structure. The patient is operated on through the low paralateronasal approach, by filling the ethmoid and the sphenoid with autologous bone material. This surgical treatment makes closure of the fistula and disappearance of the pneumatocele possible, however, not enough time has gone by for making other judgments. This approach, which has a much lower morbidity rate than the approach of the anterior stage through craniectomy, is effective for fractures of the sphenoid and the posterior ethmoid.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Role of the free forearm flap in reconstruction after total circular pharyngolaryngectomy. Review of the literature and a case report].

Methods of surgical repair after total pharyngo-laryngectomy have considerably improved since the introduction of micro-surgical techniques. The use of free autografts for reconstruction of the pharynx is now preferred in most centers to the use of musculo-cutaneous flaps. The free forearm flaps appears to be particularly suitable for this type of repair. The authors report on their experience in performing this procedure with one of their patients. The results of this technique in major published series are then compared with those achieved with similar procedures employing free jejunal interposition grafts.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Cervicofacial actinomycosis. Apropos of 2 atypical locations].

Cervico-facial actinomycosis is a chronic bacterial disease caused by actinomycetes. The diagnosis may be made on the specific anatomo-pathological appearance of the granulomas and be confirmed by anaerobic culture of the germs. The authors report two atypical cases: the first is a case of a thyroglossal pseudocyst, the second that of adenoidal vegetations in an adult. Treatment with Penicillin G or V for six weeks produced a favourable response. The various clinical forms of the condition described in the literature, should encourage the physician to include bacteriological testing for actinomycetes among his investigations.

Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial↗
PubMed1988

[Is protective therapy possible in occupational asthma? Role of immunotherapy].

Specific immunotherapy (ITS) can be a preventative measure for occupational allergy when allergens cannot be fully eliminated. Many allergens provoke IgE-mediated reactions, but when they are haptens and the physiopathology is complex, then the value of ITS is restricted. However, with common allergens whose density increases with occupation, such as house dust and house dust mites for domestic employees, pollens for florists and animal epithelia for breeders, then ITS is effective. On the other hand, when the allergen is specific for the job, of which there are two well documented examples in bakers asthma from wheat flour and laboratory worker's asthma to small laboratory animals there are disparate results. Overall, there is only a modest place for ITS in the treatment of professional asthma, because of the lack of purified, well-standardised extracts.

Asthma↗
PubMed1988

[The course of acquired C 1 esterase inhibitor deficiency in lymphoproliferative syndrome].

Acquired deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) was first described by Caldwell in 1972. Since that date, about 30 cases have been reported, in most cases during proliferative lymphocyte B syndromes. The acquired C1 INH deficiency can provoke episodes of angioneurotic edema as in hereditary AE. The complement profile differs, notably by the usual sudden fall in C1. Documented data suggest consumption of complement and therefore of C1 INH. The present case is the first reported of an acquired C1 INH deficiency during a cold hemagglutinin disease. The activation of complement by the classical pathway appears provoked by tumoral cells rather than a humoral factor, as suggested by the efficacy of anti-tumoral therapy in contrast to plasmapheresis in the present case. A possible mechanism for the C1 INH deficiency is discussed.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1987

[Seasonal changes in specific IgE: the acarid Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus].

The authors have studied monthly the titres of specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, by Phadebas RAST, in 8435 measurements, spread over 4 years. Significant seasonal and monthly variations were seen every year with a maximum level in the autumn or the beginning of winter, with a second peak at the end of winter in 3 years of the 4. There was no close superposition of pattern form one year to another. The domestic relative humidity had a significant effect on the seasonal variation with a mean shift of 2 months that could be explained by the length of the biological cycle of the mites. These data compare with those of the literature (sampling of mites in bedding, longitudinal studies...).

Acari↗
PubMed1987

Validity of clinic-based nutritional surveillance for prevalence estimation of undernutrition.

Few studies have been performed to assess the validity of clinic-based nutritional surveillance systems. We compared estimates of the prevalence of underweight (low weight-for-age) obtained from the clinic-based Swaziland surveillance system with estimates obtained from the 1983 National Nutrition Status Survey of Rural Swaziland. The age-adjusted prevalence of underweight among first-time clinic attenders (10.0%) was very similar to that estimated by the national survey (9.4%). However, the prevalence of underweight among children attending two or more times in a year was less than half that of first attenders (4.4%). The regional differences in the prevalence of underweight found in the national survey were not detected by the surveillance system. Surveillance data are useful in describing the nutritional status of children from clinics within the surveillance system. However, surveillance data, particularly from re-attenders, will not necessarily provide a valid estimate of nutritional status within the general population or of differences between regions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Interstitial lymphoid pneumonia and polyadenopathies in patients infected with the LAV/HTLV III virus].

Seven patients of Haitian and Central African origin were investigated for interstitial pneumonitis and unexplained chronic lymphadenopathy. A study of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid showed no opportunistic micro-organisms and disclosed a high alveolar lymphocyte count with more than 80% T8+ cells. In 3 patients, open lung biopsy showed lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. Follicular hyperplasia was a constant finding in lymph nodes. Benign lymphocytic infiltration was found in other organs of all patients, associated with polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinaemia, low peripheral T4+ cell count and LAV-Ig G antibodies.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗