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D Hillaire-Buys

Publications and source records attributed to D Hillaire-Buys.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Digoxin-Josamycin: a dangerous drug interaction in children].

Digitalis intoxication is usually accidental in children. We report the case of a young infant with congenital heart disease in whom the coadministration of digoxin and josamycin led to a 50% increase in the digoxin concentration, generating sinoatrial block and cardiac failure. Clinical and electrocardiographic symptoms very quickly resolved following immunotherapy with antidigitalis Fab fragments. Digoxin concentrations must be carefully monitored in patients concomitantly receiving macrolides to ensure that the digoxin dose can be readjusted if necessary.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side-effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: does a DRESS syndrome really exist?

OBJECTIVE: To improve the definition of the various clinical patterns of patients with drug-induced cutaneous side-effects with systemic symptoms, and their possible relationships with the triggering medication, with the ultimate goal of helping in the identification of the causal drug in difficult situations when the patient is taking several drugs. METHODS: Cases of drug-induced cutaneous side-effects associated with various systemic syndromes related to anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbitone), minocycline, allopurinol, abacavir and nevirapine were collected retrospectively from the French Pharmacovigilance database (FPD) over a period of 15 years (1985-2000). The clinical patterns typical of the causative drugs were described and compared with data from the literature. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixteen patients with symptoms and signs consistent with cutaneous drug reactions with systemic symptoms were reported to the FPD during this period of time. Their pattern was similar to published data for these drugs, with fever, cutaneous eruption, hepatic abnormalities and eosinophilia being the most prominent but inconstant symptoms. There are clues suggesting that some particular lesional patterns may exist for some drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Although some trends emerge from these retrospective data, they suggest that no clear, unified outline can currently be defined for these multi-organ drug-induced reactions. Instead, a constellation of various symptoms and signs were recorded, that might be sorted in different patterns according to the causal drug, a finding that might indeed improve accurate identification of the causative drug in patients receiving several principal medications at a time. A national prospective study systematically collecting standardized data is required better to define the outlines of these severe adverse drug reactions and to evaluate prognostic data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Leflunomide-related severe axonal neuropathy].

INTRODUCTION: Leflunomide is a new drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its mechanism of action is based on lymphocyte inhibition. We report the cases of two patients treated with leflunomide who developed severe sensory-motor axonal polyneuropathy. OBSERVATION: Two women (61- and 70-year-old) presented with a sensory-motor axonal polyneuropathy beginning 5 months after onset of leflunomide treatment. Etiologic investigations were negative. The symptoms rapidly improved after withdrawing leflunomide. DISCUSSION: The analysis of drug watch data found twelve patients with leflunomide-related neuropathy. Ten of them were more than 60 years old. The mean delay for onset of neuropathy was 9 months. The neuropathy improved after treatment withdrawal in seven patients. CONCLUSION: We consider these data strongly suggest that leflunomide is a cause of axonal sensory-motor neuropathy. The prevalence of such adverse events is still unknown.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Performance analysis of a rapid HPLC determination with the solvent demixing extraction of HIV antiproteases and efavirenz in plasma.

A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method without internal standardization is evaluated for the drug-level monitoring of most marketed antiproteases and efavirenz. Following plasma deproteinization with acetonitrile, the analytes are extracted into the solvent while it is demixed by the addition of a saturating amount of neutral salt. The organic supernatant is diluted by half with water up to the polarity of the mobile phase before being injected. The isocratic mobile phase is unbuffered water-acetonitrile (52:48), and the stationary phase is LiChrospher 100 RP-8 (5 microm). Analytes are eluted between 4 min (amprenavir and indinavir) and 20 min (nelfinavir). A spreadsheet program including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression is used for both the overall validation of milligrams-per-liter determinations and the performance evaluation of analytical steps from chromatographic raw data. Extraction shows acceptable 5% repeatability and nearly 100% recovery, although it is somewhat concentration-dependent. The calibration function is better fitted by bilogarithmic than arithmetical regression, and the ANOVA of raw data is found quite predictive of the quality of the final determinations.

Alkynes↗
PubMed2001

[Neurologic toxicity caused by zelitrex (valaciclovir) in 3 patients with renal failure. Is overdose associated with improvement of product bioavailability improvement?].

INTRODUCTION: We report three cases of neurotoxicity in patients with renal failure, treated with Zelitrex (valacyclovir). EXEGESIS: The patients are two women and a man, aged 76 +/- 4.6 years, who presented acute mental confusion during a treatment with valacyclovir. In two cases, the patients previously had altered renal function and were under peritoneal dialysis. In the last case, the patient had simultaneous neurotoxicity and acute renal failure. After the discontinuation of the drug, the outcome was favourable in all cases. CONCLUSION: Our cases focus attention on the possible neurotoxicity of valacyclovir, which is an amino acid ester prodrug of acyclovir, rapidly and almost completely hydrolysed to acyclovir prior to systemic exposure. The bioavailability of valacyclovir is 54% compared to approximately 20% for oral acyclovir and may account for unexpected overdoses, which may lead to serious neurological toxicity.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2001

P2 receptor agonists stimulate insulin release from human pancreatic islets.

Although P2 receptors for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and/or adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) have been characterized in mammalian pancreatic beta cells, no evidence for an insulin-secreting effect of P2 receptor agonists has been reported as yet in humans. The present study aimed at investigating whether P2 receptor agonists could stimulate insulin release in human pancreatic islets obtained from brain-dead organ donors. Experiments were performed using different glucose concentrations and insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay. When the glucose concentration (8.3 mmol/L) was slightly stimulating for insulin release, alpha,beta-methylene ATP (200 micromol/L) and ADPbetaS (50 micromol/L) similarly amplified insulin secretion: both compounds induced a threefold increase in insulin response. In the presence of a nonstimulating glucose concentration (3.0 mmol/L), only alpha,beta-methylene ATP could induce a significant 1.4-fold increase in insulin release, ADPbetaS being completely ineffective. These results give evidence that P2 receptor agonists are effective in stimulating insulin release in humans, the effect of the P2Y agonist being essentially glucose dependent.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed2000

Inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion by a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligand (PK11195).

We have recently shown that benzodiazepines with high affinity for peripheral-type receptors such as 4'-chlordiazepam inhibit insulin secretion in vitro. PK 11195 [1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline-carboxami de], a potent and selective ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites, was also shown to inhibit insulin release from rat pancreatic islets. Both substances have been reported to interact with mitochondrial binding sites. Hence, the present study was performed to investigate the effects of PK 11195 on insulin secretion induced by either a metabolic or a non-metabolic stimulus. In the rat isolated pancreas perfused at a constant pressure with a Krebs-bicarbonate buffer containing a slightly stimulating glucose concentration (8.3 mM), PK 11195 (10(-7)-10(-5) M) induced a progressive and concentration-dependent decrease in insulin secretion. Simultaneously, we recorded the effects on the pancreatic flow rate; in contrast to 4'-chlordiazepam, previously shown to induce vasodilation in the same preparation, PK 11195 was ineffective. The differential effects of these two substances on vascular resistance and insulin secretion may suggest the existence of different subtypes of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors on pancreatic beta-cells and vessels. A metabolic stimulation of insulin secretion was induced by a glucose increment from 4.2 mM to 8.4 mM or by 2 mM alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), which is directly metabolized in the mitochondria; these stimulations could be reduced by 10(-5) M PK 11195 (P<0.05). In contrast, the drug was ineffective on the insulin secretion induced by 5 mM or 10 mM KCl in the presence of a nonstimulating glucose concentration (4.2 mM). These results suggest that PK 11195 inhibits insulin secretion by interfering with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Fatal systemic reaction after multiple doses of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin for polyposis.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of fatal systemic reaction after intravesical administrations of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for polyposis. CASE SUMMARY: A 72-year-old white man was treated by monthly injections of intravesical BCG immunotherapy for polyposis of the urinary bladder. He received a total of eight injections; four hours after the seventh injection, he presented with pyrexia associated with chills, sweating, headache, and vomiting, which quickly resolved. Four hours after the eighth injection, the patient presented with the same symptoms plus a left-hemisphere deficiency. Results of a cerebral scan performed at this time were normal. The clinical status of the patient quickly worsened, with the appearance of disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute anuric renal insufficiency, rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, and cytolytic and cholestatic hepatitis. The patient required hemodialysis and symptomatic treatment. Lactic acidosis with hemolytic-uremic syndrome appeared, and he died as the result of a multivisceral (respiratory, renal, hepatic) deficiency. DISCUSSION: The patient presented with symptoms compatible with a severe systemic reaction to BCG therapy, a rare but possible adverse effect. CONCLUSIONS: BCG instillation is a valuable tool in the therapy of bladder carcinoma, but increasing reports of severe adverse reactions should continue to remind practicing urologists to be alert to the possibility of common and uncommon reactions after its use.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed2000

Carboxypeptidase G2 rescue in delayed methotrexate elimination in renal failure.

We report here the case of a 68-year-old woman who presented severe renal failure following the first cycle of high dose methotrexate (HDMTX) for the treatment of a cerebral malignant lymphoma. Before HDMTX administration, serum creatinine value was normal and three days after HDMTX, it reached 457 micromol/L. Leucovorin rescue, hemodialysis and cholestyramine did not increase MTX clearance. Because of the persistence of renal failure, and the high risk of important hematological side-effects associated with high MTX plasma levels, the patient received carboxypeptidase G2 (CPDG2). This allowed MTX plasma levels to decrease by 80% in 15 minutes. No side effects were observed and renal function normalized rapidly. In some patients, when high-dose leucovorin associated with hemodialysis and cholestyramine are unable to restore normal MTX clearance, CPDG2 should be considered because it may represent a safe and efficient alternative for the management of MTX intoxication.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

2-Thioether-5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)-adenosine derivatives: new insulin secretagogues acting through P2Y-receptors.

P2-receptors (P2-Rs) represent significant targets for novel drug development. P2-Rs were identified also on pancreatic B cells and are involved in insulin secretion. The aim of our study was to synthesize and evaluate pharmacologically the novel P2Y-R ligands, 2-thioether-5'-O-phosphorothioate adenosine derivatives, as potential insulin secretagogues. An efficient synthesis of these nucleosides and a facile method for separation of the chiral products is described. The enzymatic stability of the compounds towards pig-pancreas NTPDase was evaluated. The rate of hydrolysis of 2-hexylthio-5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)-adenosine (2-hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S) isomers by NTPDase was 28% that of ATP. The apparent affinity of the compounds to P2Y1-R was determined by measurement of P2Y-receptor-promoted phospholipase C activity in turkey erythrocyte membranes. 2-RS-ATP-alpha-S derivatives were agonists, stimulating the production of inositol phosphates with K0.5 values in the nM range. 2-RS-AMP-S derivatives were full agonists although 2 orders of magnitude less potent. All the compounds were more potent than ATP. The effect on insulin secretion and pancreatic flow rate was evaluated on isolated and perfused rat pancreas. A high increase, up to 500%, in glucose-induced insulin secretion was due to addition of 2-hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S in the nM concentration range, which represents 100-fold enhancement of activity relative to ATP. 2-Hexylthio-AMP-S was 2.5 orders of magnitude less effective. A high chemical hydrolytic stability was observed for 2-hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S. Hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond, which was the only detectable degrading reaction under the investigation conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C), was slow, with a half-life of 264 hours. Moreover, even at gastric juice conditions (pH 1.4, 37 degrees C), hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate was the only detectable reaction, with a half-life of 17.5 hours. 2-Hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S isomers are enzymatically and chemically stable. These isomers are highly potent and effective insulin secretagogues, increasing, however, pancreatic vascular resistance.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed2000

[Drug allergies: a public health problem].

Adverse drug reactions occur in 10 to 20% of hospitalized patients and up to one third are due to allergic and pseudoallergic reactions. Allergic reactions are unpredictable reactions related to immunologic mechanisms. Pseudo-allergic reactions mimic allergic reactions but no drug specific antibody or T cell proliferation can be demonstrated. A true diagnosis is rarely set up and the tools for it are lacking. In this review, we will focus on some epidemiological data concerning these reactions, including data on incidence, mortality and cost.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗