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Biomedical subjects

D Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to D Hofmann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Activity of aldrinepoxidase, 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase during the development of chick embryos in ovo.

Since the chick embryo in ovo is susceptible to the action of some agents needing metabolic activation we studied the development of the activity of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases in embryo/fetal tissue. The activities of aldrinepoxidase (AE), 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD) and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) were measured in whole embryos, liver and yolk sac tissue of the chick embryo during development in ovo from day 4 to day 15 of incubation (DI). In yolk sac tissue enzyme activities could be detected from DI 4 on. While EROD activity was only marginally developed, AE and ECOD activities were more pronounced in the earlier developmental period and showed a clear decrease by the time the liver activities rose. With the methods used AE activity could be measured in the homogenate of the whole embryo proper from DI 4 on while EROD and ECOD activity was not detectable before DI 6 or DI 7, respectively. In liver tissue enzyme activities of the three monooxygenases studied developed to a considerable degree from DI 9 on and tended to exhibit maximum values around DI 11-13. Studies on monooxygenase activities in extra-embryonically located tissues have not been published until now. The importance of the yolk sac as a metabolically relevant organ during embryogenesis is pointed out in this study.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1990

[Rupture of the amphiarthrosis of the pelvic girdle].

So-called over-bridging tension band fixations are presented with special respect to their surgical procedures, development to technique, operative approaches, experimental findings gathered from 83 human pelves explanted post-mortally and clinical results. PDS band fixation has shown to guarantee approximately the same stability as comparable procedures offering in any case an immediate ease of bedside care and the possibility of physical exercise in bed. A slight postoperative elongation of the PDS band is sometimes seen on the X-ray as a small step in the outlines of the symphysis, but so far has been of no importance in our cases of treatment.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

[Magnetic resonance tomography as a new diagnostic criterium in vascular-induced stenoses of the upper airways in childhood].

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the trachea was performed in twenty-one children with congenital or acquired narrowing of the trachea or main bronchi. The demonstration of the trachea and the surrounding tissue and vessels on MR images permitted the evaluation of the cause of trachea, compression and the degree and location of collapse. MRI is a well-suited modality for characterizing tracheal narrowing without employing ionizing irradiation or intravenous contrast medium. In the cases presented MRI should be the diagnostic step of choice after tracheo-bronchoscopy. It is an enrichment of the diagnostic possibilities for extrinsic tracheal or bronchial stenosis in pediatric patients.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1990

[Results of mostly vaginal deliveries of breech presentation].

This report presents results of a retrospective study of infants delivered by the breech, which were according the attitude of this hospital mainly delivered vaginally. This mode of delivery was chosen for primiparae as well as for multiparae and independent of the fetal size measured by ultrasound. Indication for primary caesarean section was seen in only 45 cases out of 568 infants in breech situation. In most of these cases additional indications so as bleedings, placental insufficiency etc, were responsible for the decision of primary caesarean section. Breech presentations are associated to specialties during pregnancy and labour although being more often not related to breech presentation of the fetus as this study shows. Difficulties of spontaneous breech delivered infants were seen rarely. Within the reported cases were 5 of elevated arms, 2 with difficulties in developing the arms and 3 with difficulties in developing the after coming head. Indication for secondary caesarean section were mainly caused by standstill within delivery because of relative disproportion, imminent intrauterine hypoxia and cord prolapse being more often associated to breech presentation. Most important for the possibility of spontaneous breech delivery is the coming deeper of breech during expulsive period. The well known fact of increased number of congenital malformations and anomalies associated to breech presentation were also described in this study. The comparison of the Apgar scores of infants being delivered vaginally or by caesarean section did not show any negative influence of the vaginal mode. This results are independent of different birth weight groups. Therefore there is no evidence to support the recommendation to increase caesarean section rate. Cases of neonatal death--only 13 out of 568 breech infants are discussed casuistically. As a conclusion the authors are confirmed in their conservative attitude and they think the endeavour of spontaneous delivery of breech presentation is justified in all cases unless there are additional indications for caesarean section.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Study of the protective action of nedocromil sodium with bronchial cold-air provocation in children with bronchial asthma].

12 children with known bronchial hyperreactivity and asthma had isocapnic cold air hyperventilation challenges of their bronchial airways. In a double-blind cross-over study they inhaled either placebo or nedocromil sodium (2 puffs à 2 mg) from a MDI before challenge. 2 subjects were found to be non-responders during the two days of the study. The remainder all reacted on the placebo days, while 5 subjects were completely protected on the nedocromil-days and 5 subjects were partially protected. Nedocromil is a potent agent for the suppression of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Air↗
PubMed1990

[The modification of ciliary motility by salbutamol: a comparative study on subjects: oral vs inhalation administration].

15 healthy adults received for 3 days twice daily 8 mg salbutamol orally. Ciliary beat frequency was measured before, on the day of drug administration, 1 and 3 days after the beginning of the treatment, by means of nasal brush biopsy. In the same subjects ciliary beat frequency was determined before and 10 minutes following to the inhalation of 2.5 mg salbutamol with 2 ml of 0.9% saline. Findings suggest that by orally administered salbutamol a positive effect on ciliary beat frequency is yielded. The increase of frequency is more distinct in patients suffering from bronchial hyperreactivity. There was no statistically significant effect after inhalative administration of the drug.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of the Finnish dry sauna on bronchial asthma in childhood].

More than 400,000 sauna baths have been built in Germany. Frequently, children with bronchial asthma and their parents raise the question whether sauna bathing might be hazardous for the lungs. In present study the effects of sauna bathing on the ventilation have been evaluated by use of peak-flow meters. Only one 12-years old girl suffered an attack of bronchial asthma while using a cold shower, probably as a result of breathing cold air. No other complications have been observed. Sauna bathing can be recommended for children with bronchial asthma, since advantages in the resistance against infections and in psychosocial development can be expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[IgG subclass level in healthy children].

In 159 healthy German children aged 3 months to 16 years IgG subclass concentrations were measured by radial immunodiffusion using polyclonal antisera. IgG-4 levels were also determined by a monoclonal ELISA kit (Binding Site). Both methods for IgG-4 determination showed a significant correlation (r = 0.91); the WHO reference serum 67/97 was used for calibration. The mean range and percentiles for age are given. IgG subclass levels were correlated with the age of the children in the order IgG-2 greater than IgG-1 greater than IgG-4, but this was not the case for IgG-3. The normal ranges of IgG subclasses were in good agreement with those of previous studies. No IgG-4 was detected by RID in only 8.8% of all the children, but in all aged 7 years and above.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Infection following surgery of the gastrointestinal tract in newborn infants].

In a retrospective study we examined the postoperative course of 642 children who had been operated on during the newborn period. 247 of them had been operated on for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. 27.5% of these developed septicaemia: We showed that the frequency of sepsis could be reduced by perioperative antibiotic cover in all diseases with the exception of necrotising enterocolitis where antibiotic treatment was performed. Septicaemic courses were most frequent in premature infants and in those with necrotising enterocolitis. These results will be examined further in a subsequent prospective study.

Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous↗
PubMed1989

[The value of MRT of the thorax in congenital tracheal stenoses].

MRI of the thorax was performed in 24 children aged between six weeks and five years, in whom a tracheal stenosis had been demonstrated by bronchoscopy. Since bronchoscopy can only demonstrate the interior of the trachea, various imaging methods, such as CT and angiography, were used to demonstrate the topography and cause of the tracheal stenosis. MRI has shown that the most common cause of a stenosis in the central section of the trachea is focal compression by an aberrant brachiocephalic trunk (10 cases). Stenosis of the distal trachea could be due to anomalies of the aortic arch (5 cases), a dilated pulmonary artery (4 cases) or a soft tissue mass (3 cases). In all these patients, MRI was greatly superior to the conventional methods. By using a special technique, MRI made it possible to clarify the cause and localisation of a tracheal stenosis by a non-invasive examination.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1989

[Complications after surgical interventions in the neonatal period and their relevance for quality of life].

In a retrospective study the postoperative course was examined of 296 neonates who had a birthweight of more than 1500 g and a congenital malformations between 1981 and 1987. A questionnaire was sent to the parents of the 242 surviving children in which they were asked about their children's current quality of life (average age 5.3 years). Of the 151 parents responding, 42% were of the opinion that the quality of their children's life had been reduced. The main reason was the operated malformation or accompanying illnesses. Only in 5% of the cases were postoperative complications considered responsible for the decline in quality of life.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Assays of apolipoproteins A and B as atherogenicity factors in aged patients at hospitals].

A systematic study of 100 elderly patients in a hospital geriatric unit was undertaken to analyse the relationship between clinical cardiovascular events (angina, myocardial infarction, hypertension, cerebrovascular accidents, temporo-spatial disorientation, invalidity, incontinence) and plasma lipids (total cholesterol, HDL and LDL fractions, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A and B and total cholesterol/HDL and apolipoprotein B/A ratios). The average triglyceride and apolipoprotein A concentrations were related to the patient's validity: The triglycerides were significantly higher in the group of invalid patients (+22%), p = 0.05. The apolipoprotein A levels were significantly lower in the invalid group (-12%), p = 0.05.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Early ontogeny of the central benzodiazepine receptor in human embryos and fetuses.

The early ontogeny of the central benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) was investigated in human embryos and fetuses between 7 and 26 weeks of gestation. Brain tissue was gained from terminated pregnancies or spontaneous abortions. Binding studies, which were performed with 3H-flunitrazepam (FNZ), revealed that specific benzodiazepine binding is already detectable at an embryonal age of 7 weeks post conceptionem. Binding at this early stage can be displaced potently by clonazepam and the inverse agonist beta-CCE. Additionally, 3H-FNZ binding is enhanced by GABA. Thus, benzodiazepine binding is of the central type. Receptor density increases steeply in whole brain between weeks 8 and 11 of gestation. In frontal cortex receptor density increases gradually between weeks 12 and 26 of gestation. No specific fetal disease entity (including trisomy 21) was consistently associated with exceptionally high or low Bmax-values.

Brain↗
PubMed1987

[Fractures of the glenoid surface of the scapula].

The communications of literature regarding osteosynthesis in glenoid fractures of the scapula are reviewed, and six own cases are presented. The results are better than expected even in case of comminuted fractures. The indication for surgical reconstruction should therefore be adopted in dislocated fractures of the shoulder joint surface. Although the adequate operation technique is still under discussion, there seems to be a trend towards screwing and a narrow DC plate.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical relevance of immunoglobulin subclasses in children with chronic pulmonary diseases].

In 52 children (age 4-19.5 years; 17 female, 35 male) with chronic chest symptoms IgG-Subclass levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion techniques. Thirteen children had proven bronchiectasis, 22 chronic bronchitis and 17 steroid dependent asthma bronchiale. Cystic fibrosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, tuberculosis and chronic foreign bodies were excluded in each patient; all of them showed normal levels of total IgG. Four children (3 with bronchiectasis, one with steroid dependent asthma bronchiale) had a complete lack if IgG4. In two children with chronic bronchitis one showed fluctuating levels of IgG2 and IgG4 and another deficiency of IgG3. All patients with an isolated IgG4 deficiency were treated with immunoglobulins. Of 3 patients with bronchiectasis one improved, two remained unchanged as shown by positive sputum cultures and of chronic chest symptoms. One patient with steroid dependent asthma bronchiale markedly improved during immunoglobulin therapy. It is concluded, that early screening of IgG subclass deficiency is indicated in all children with chronic chest symptoms.

Adolescent↗