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Biomedical subjects

D Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to D Hofmann.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Early ontogeny of the central benzodiazepine receptor in human embryos and fetuses.

The early ontogeny of the central benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) was investigated in human embryos and fetuses between 7 and 26 weeks of gestation. Brain tissue was gained from terminated pregnancies or spontaneous abortions. Binding studies, which were performed with 3H-flunitrazepam (FNZ), revealed that specific benzodiazepine binding is already detectable at an embryonal age of 7 weeks post conceptionem. Binding at this early stage can be displaced potently by clonazepam and the inverse agonist beta-CCE. Additionally, 3H-FNZ binding is enhanced by GABA. Thus, benzodiazepine binding is of the central type. Receptor density increases steeply in whole brain between weeks 8 and 11 of gestation. In frontal cortex receptor density increases gradually between weeks 12 and 26 of gestation. No specific fetal disease entity (including trisomy 21) was consistently associated with exceptionally high or low Bmax-values.

Brain↗
PubMed1987

[Fractures of the glenoid surface of the scapula].

The communications of literature regarding osteosynthesis in glenoid fractures of the scapula are reviewed, and six own cases are presented. The results are better than expected even in case of comminuted fractures. The indication for surgical reconstruction should therefore be adopted in dislocated fractures of the shoulder joint surface. Although the adequate operation technique is still under discussion, there seems to be a trend towards screwing and a narrow DC plate.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical relevance of immunoglobulin subclasses in children with chronic pulmonary diseases].

In 52 children (age 4-19.5 years; 17 female, 35 male) with chronic chest symptoms IgG-Subclass levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion techniques. Thirteen children had proven bronchiectasis, 22 chronic bronchitis and 17 steroid dependent asthma bronchiale. Cystic fibrosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, tuberculosis and chronic foreign bodies were excluded in each patient; all of them showed normal levels of total IgG. Four children (3 with bronchiectasis, one with steroid dependent asthma bronchiale) had a complete lack if IgG4. In two children with chronic bronchitis one showed fluctuating levels of IgG2 and IgG4 and another deficiency of IgG3. All patients with an isolated IgG4 deficiency were treated with immunoglobulins. Of 3 patients with bronchiectasis one improved, two remained unchanged as shown by positive sputum cultures and of chronic chest symptoms. One patient with steroid dependent asthma bronchiale markedly improved during immunoglobulin therapy. It is concluded, that early screening of IgG subclass deficiency is indicated in all children with chronic chest symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Sensitivity and specificity of the occlusion pressure method in measuring airway resistance compared to whole body plethysmography, studies within the scope of inhalative provocation tests].

129 children and adolescents had 111 bronchial histamine and 85 allergen challenges. Airways resistance measured by the occlusion technique was found to be inferior to the body plethysmography in discriminating children with hyperreactive or allergic airways from healthy children.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1985

A double-blind placebo controlled trial with oral ambroxol and N-acetylcysteine for mucolytic treatment in cystic fibrosis.

The therapeutic efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ambroxol as compared with the effect of placebos was studied in 36 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with mild to moderate pulmonary disease. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three regimens, matched on the basis of age and Chrispin-Norman scores. The trial was conducted over a period of 12 weeks. Patients were assessed clinically and by extensive pulmonary function techniques (body-plethysmography, maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, trapped air determination). Although no clinical differences could be observed between the three groups, significant impairment in the placebo group was found for trapped air and FEV1 when compared to the active groups, suggesting a therapeutic effect of ambroxol and NAC in CF.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1985

[Modified Schanz screws for the external fixator].

In order to make a comparison with conventional implants, our recently developed 5/8 mm screws of Schanz were put in the lateral clamp of an external fixation unit applied to the femur. By using the modified 5/8 mm screws of Schanz, an increased stability and a reduced number of implants can be achieved. The results are not only applicable for the external fixation of the femur investigated by us, but also for unilateral fixation of the tibia.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Bronchial allergy in cystic fibrosis.

Thirty-one patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were thoroughly evaluated for allergy. This included a clinical history, skin tests with twenty-three allergens and bronchial provocation with inhaled allergens and histamine. The bronchial response was measured by whole body plethysmography. Of the patients studied, 40% showed a bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled allergens, despite the fact that none had reported asthma in their clinical history. Strong skin test reactions (3+ and 4+) and weak reactions (2+) were associated with 65% and 4% of positive reactions of the airways respectively. Weak skin reactions with Aspergillus fumigatus, however, were associated with 43% of positive bronchial challenges. In addition to Aspergillus, the mould Alternaria tenuis was found to be an important allergen causing a bronchial response in CF patients. There was no correlation between the thresholds of bronchial sensitivity to allergen and histamine, suggesting that the pathogenetic mechanisms of CF and bronchial asthma are different.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Scapula fractures following electrical accidents].

Injuries to the skeletal system caused by electro-accidents are rare. The authors present two cases of scapula fractures caused by electro-accidents. Cardiac and neurologic symptoms as well as thermal damages are found in most cases of electro-accidents indeed, however, injuries of the skeletal system may not be overlooked and have to be treated according to the principles of traumatology.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of pathologic fractures and its results].

In case of pathologic fractures caused by metastases, operative stabilizing of the fractures is indicated if the general condition of the patient just permits an operation. It is the aim of treatment to reestablish the function of the extremity, to reduce pain and to give psychological support to the patient during his remaining life time. The operative procedure depends on the general conditions of the patient, the spreading and localisation of the metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical aspects of bronchial asthma in childhood].

The main symptoms of bronchial asthma are expiratory wheezing, and overinflation of the lungs. In children the so-called obstructive bronchitis has to be considered especially since prognosis and therapy are different as compared with adult conditions. Clinically it is very important to differentiate between the severe asthmatic attack and status asthmaticus since the latter does not respond to bronchodilatation. The malign asthma crisis is of increasing importance. Chronic overinflation of the lungs seems to be a special risk factor. The classification of bronchial asthma according to frequency of attacks is meaningful especially in view of social-medical aspects.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗